Effect of pomegranate extracts on brain antioxidant markers and cholinesterase activity in high fat-high fructose diet induced obesity in rat model

Abstract

BackgroundTo investigate beneficial effects of Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO), leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and (PP) on brain cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress and lipid profile in high-fat-high fructose diet (HFD) induced-obese rat.MethodsIn vitro and in vivo cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative status, body and brain weight and plasma lipid profile were measured in control rats, HFD-fed rats and HFD-fed rats treated by PSO, PL, PJ and PP.ResultsIn vitro study showed that PSO, PL, PP, PJ inhibited cholinesterase activity in dose dependant manner. PL extract displayed the highest inhibitory activity by IC50 of 151.85 mg/ml. For in vivo study, HFD regime induced a significant increase of cholinesterase activity in brain by 17.4% as compared to normal rats. However, the administration of PSO, PL, PJ and PP to HDF-rats decreased cholinesterase activity in brain respectively by 15.48%, 6.4%, 20% and 18.7% as compared to untreated HFD-rats. Moreover, HFD regime caused significant increase in brain stress, brain and body weight, and lipid profile disorders in blood. Furthermore, PSO, PL, PJ and PP modulated lipid profile in blood and prevented accumulation of lipid in brain and body evidenced by the decrease of their weights as compared to untreated HFD-rats. In addition administration of these extract protected brain from stress oxidant, evidenced by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Protein carbonylation (PC) levels and the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels.ConclusionThese findings highlight the neuroprotective effects of pomegranate extracts and one of mechanisms is the inhibition of cholinesterase and the stimulation of antioxidant capacity.

Effect of maternal antioxidant supplementation and/or exercise practice during pregnancy on postnatal overnutrition induced by litter size reduction: Brain redox homeostasis at weaning

“…The reduced litter size also decreased GPx activity in the hypothalamus. In agreement, 12 weeks of high-fat diet decreased GPx activity in adult rat brain (Amri et al, 2017), showing a negative effect of overnutrition. SOD and GLO1 activities were improved on EO pups, demonstrating a positive response, which may be caused by an adapting effect of exercise over the pro-inflammatory environment caused by litter reduction (Ziko et al, 2014).…”

Secondary Metabolites, Dietary Fiber and Conjugated Fatty Acids as Functional Food Ingredients against Overweight and Obesity

“…Among them are resveratrol and quercetin that may possess thermogenic properties [91], oleuropein able to enhance catecholamine secretion [92] or kaempferol increasing thyroid hormone activation [93] having influence on the slimming process. Similar effects were obtained with Hibiscus sabdariffa [70], pomegranate [94] or oolong tea [95,96] extracts rich in polyphenols. Molecular and cellular investigations demonstrated that these herbal-derived polyphenols reduce the viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, inhibit adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduce inflammation.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Pomegranate Juice against Parkinson’s Disease and Presence of Ellagitannins-Derived Metabolite—Urolithin A—In the Brain

“…In our experiment, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in response to combined treatment (ROT+PJ) with the exception of SOD activity (data not shown herein). Accumulating evidence supports the inducing effect of pomegranate [7,52,53] and its active compound punicalagin [43,54] on the endogenous antioxidant system in different experimental models. We demonstrated a trend toward enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system following treatment with pomegranate juice alone; the increase was significant only for GPx activity.…”