Effect of population abundance and climate on the growth of 2 populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean

Yasumiishi, Ellen M.; Criddle, Keith R.; Helle, John H.; Hillgruber, Nicola; Mueter, Franz J.

doi:10.7755/fb.114.2.7

Cited by 7 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar to what has been reported by other researchers (e.g., Seo et al 2006;Ruggerone et al 2012;Yasumiishi et al 2016), we found that chum salmon exhibited density-dependent growth; as the biomass of Pacific salmon increased, scale size across growth zones and total scale size (reflecting fish size at return) decreased. Observed total scale size was higher during 1968 to 1980 than after 1980 when the biomass of competing salmon increased.…”

Section: Trends In Growth Biomass and Climate Variationsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Martinson et al (2008) used multivariate adaptive regression splines to determine the effect of intraspecific competition on each age by using truncated splines to run separate regressions. Yasumiishi et al (2016) used transfer function-noise models to test whether competition and environmental factors affect scale growth. McPhee et al (2016) investigated correlations among growth zones in a mixed-effects model with individuals as random variables; however, that formulation of the mixed-effects model was not extended to evaluate impacts of different environmental covariates and density dependence.…”

Section: Salmo Trutta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After entering the ocean as fry, young chum salmon from southern BC migrate northwards and then eastwards over the continental shelf following the counter-clockwise Alaska Current, moving offshore into deeper waters in late fall or early winter (Hartt and Dell 1986;Myers et al 2007;Yasumiishi et al 2016). It is thought that these salmon spend their second to penultimate years within the Gulf of Alaska, although some may migrate into the Bering Sea (Seeb et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, of the studies that have linked marine climate variability and salmon abundance to changes in sizeat-age (Martinson et al 2008;Ruggerone et al 2012;Agler et al 2013;McPhee et al 2016;Yasumiishi et al 2016) and survival (e.g., Levin et al 2001), none have used repeated measures of growth accounting for correlation among individuals within a single model (but see Marco-Rius et al 2013 on freshwater growth patterns of sea trout, Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…populations (Pyper and Peterman 1999;Agler et al 2013;Jeffrey et al 2017), which are often accompanied with increased age-at-maturity (Bigler et al 1996;Morita et al 2005;Morita and Fukuwaka 2007). Relatively high abundances of salmon, especially during periods of low marine productivity, have been hypothesized to cause reductions in size-at-age and salmon survival (e.g., Irvine and Akenhead 2013;Yasumiishi et al 2016). Density-dependent competition for common prey resources is presumably greatest for the three most abundant species, chum (Oncorhynchus keta), pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), each of which is primarily planktivorous (Davis et al 2004;Kaeriyama et al 2004;Ruggerone et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Thirty-nine years of scale growth measurements from Big Qualicum River chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in southern British Columbia demonstrated that competition and climate variation affect marine growth and age-at-maturity. A longitudinal study design that accounted for correlation among individuals revealed growth at all ages was reduced when the biomass of North American chum, sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka), and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was high. When North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) was positive, indicating increased primary productivity, predicted growth increased. Climate variation influenced competition effects. For instance, density-dependent competition effects increased when NPGO became more positive and Pacific Decadal Oscillation became more negative (indicating cool conditions), causing the greatest range in predicted scale size. Chum salmon are likely to exhibit continued reduction in growth at age due to increased ocean temperatures driven by climate change and high aggregate salmon biomass that includes hatchery releases. If evidence of biomass and climate effects presented here are common among Pacific salmon populations, reduction of hatchery releases should be considered. Résumé :Des mesures sur 39 ans de la croissance des écailles de saumons kétas (Oncorhynchus keta) de la Grande rivière Qualicum, dans le sud de la Colombie-Britannique, démontrent que la concurrence et les variations climatiques ont une incidence sur la croissance en mer et l'âge à la maturité. Un plan d'étude longitudinale qui tient compte de la corrélation entre individus révèle que la croissance à tous les âges est plus faible quand la biomasse des saumons kétas, sockeyes (Oncorhynchus nerka) et roses (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) d'Amérique du Nord est élevée. Quand l'oscillation du tourbillon nord-pacifique (OTPN) est positive, indiquant une productivité primaire accrue, la croissance prédite augmente. Les variations du climat ont également une incidence sur ces effets de concurrence. Les effets de la concurrence dépendant de la densité augmentent quand l'OTPN devient plus positive et l'oscillation décennale du Pacifique, plus négative (indiquant des conditions fraîches), ce qui produit la plus grande fourchette de tailles d'écailles prédites. Il est probable que les saumons kétas continueront de présenter une diminution de la croissance selon l'âge en raison de la hausse des températures océaniques causée par les changements climatiques et de la forte biomasse totale de saumons incluant les individus issus d'écloseries. Si les indices d'effets de la biomasse et du climat relevés dans la présente étude s'avéraient répandus dans les populations de saumons du Pacifique, il serait pertinent d'examiner la possibilité de réduire les lâchers de poissons issus d'écloseries. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Trends In Growth Biomass and Climate Variationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Salmo Trutta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Debertin

Irvine

Holt

et al. 2017

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The Economic Impacts of Humpback Whale Depredation on Hatchery‐Released Juvenile Pacific Salmon in Southeast Alaska

Chenoweth

Criddle

2019

Mar Coast Fish

Self Cite

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The goal of this study was to determine whether humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae depredation on hatchery‐released juvenile salmon is affecting the economic productivity of hatcheries in Southeast Alaska. From 2010 to 2015, observers monitored five release sites in Chatham Strait, Alaska. Humpback whales were present at the release of 23 of 54 salmon cohorts (defined by release year, species, site, and release strategy). A linear regression model was used to determine whether humpback whale presence at a cohort release affected the proportion of that cohort that survived to harvest. The model included covariates related to management and environmental conditions. The lost fishing revenue for each cohort was determined using the model‐predicted marine survival with and without humpback whales and the average commercial value of the adult salmon. Marine survival of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was significantly lower for cohorts with humpback whale depredation, resulting in an estimated US$1 million of lost revenue per year (95% confidence interval = $747,500–1,205,000) associated with whale depredation (23% of observed ex‐vessel fishing revenue from these Coho Salmon cohorts). No significant effect was observed for depredation losses to releases of Chum Salmon O. keta or Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, which tended to have low marine survival even in years of no observed whale depredation, possibly due to compensatory depredation from other sources. Despite Chum Salmon having the highest rates of whale depredation, there is no evidence to suggest that preventing humpback whale depredation alone would be sufficient to increase marine survival and fishing revenue for that species, although it may be necessary in concert with other measures.

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Puget Sound Chum Salmon Growth Linked to Competitor Abundance, Climate Indices, and Copepod Species Richness

et al. 2021

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An improved understanding of the mechanisms influencing productivity of fish populations is critical for accurately determining harvest rates and identifying years of conservation concern. Here we reconstruct yearly scale growth of three Puget Sound (PS) Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta stocks over 16 brood years (1997-2012) to better understand how variation in marine growth may be related to environmental factors, intra-and interspecific competition, and stock productivity. Generalized additive mixed models identified copepod species richness in the northern California Current and the abundance of PS Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha and Chum Salmon as strong predictors of first-year growth, the latter indicative of density-dependent effects as the abundance of local competitors (Pink and Chum salmon) increased. Second-year growth was negatively related to the Aleutian Low-Beaufort Sea Anticyclone (ALBSA), a recently defined metric of the Aleutian Low, and showed a nonlinear positive to negative relationship with sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Alaska. Puget Sound Chum and Pink Salmon abundances were also significantly related to second-year growth but did not suggest density-dependent effects like those observed in ocean year 1. Third-year growth was closely related to large-scale climate indicators, demonstrating a nonlinear negative to positive relationship with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, a negative relationship with ALBSA, and a negative relationship with North Pacific Pink Salmon abundance when catch statistics indicated that abundance was high. Models indicated that PS Chum Salmon stock productivity (recruits per spawner) was positively correlated with back-calculated firstyear growth and negatively correlated with second-and third-year growth, suggesting that for brood years whose surviving adults experienced rapid early marine growth, there were cohort survival benefits. As new relationships between large-scale indicators and Pacific salmon stocks are identified, incorporating these indicators into forecasting efforts is paramount for effective and sustainable management of fishery resources.

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Effect of population abundance and climate on the growth of 2 populations of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the eastern North Pacific Ocean

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

Marine growth patterns of southern British Columbia chum salmon explained by interactions between density-dependent competition and changing climate

The Economic Impacts of Humpback Whale Depredation on Hatchery‐Released Juvenile Pacific Salmon in Southeast Alaska

Puget Sound Chum Salmon Growth Linked to Competitor Abundance, Climate Indices, and Copepod Species Richness

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