Effect of Pore Size Distribution of Commercial Activated Carbon Fabrics on the Adsorption of CWA Simulants from the Liquid Phase

Kaiser, Robert; Kulczyk, Adam; Rich, David; Willey, Ronald J.; Minicucci, and James; MacIver, Brian

doi:10.1021/ie061429n

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The total pore volume of KNOSC is ≈1.39 cm 3 g −1 , where the mesopore volume is 0.94 cm 3 g −1 , ≈67% of the total volume. The volumetric percentage of mesopores are much higher than that of commercial activate carbon (0.4 cm 3 g −1 for total pore volume and 0.05 cm 3 g −1 for mesopore volume) . The results confirmed that the KNOSC possess a multiscale pore system involving macropores, mesopores and micropores.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Pore and Heteroatom Engineered Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors

Peng

Yao

Wei

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

371

170

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demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the capacitance of carbon-based materials. For example, N, [4,6] O [7,8] and S [9,10] are the most well studied dopants for carbon-based materials. The functions of these dopants depend on their chemical environments in the carbon host structure and they can improve the capacitive performance of carbon-based materials in different manners. It has been reported that the negatively charged pyridinic N and pyrrolic N can serve as faradaic reaction sites and contribute pseudocapacitance, whereas the positively charged quaternary N can facilitate electron transport in carbon lattice. [7,11] The introduction of O and S doping can increase pseudocapacitance and improve the electrode surface wettability. [12,13] Recently, dual and multi ple heteroatom doping carbon materials have been developed and achieved excellent capacitive performance. [14][15][16] Pore engineering is another effective approach to enhance the capacitive performance of carbonbased materials. [17] First, the introduction of pores, especially micropores, can significantly increase the surface area of carbon materials. Second, the pores function as electrolyte reservoirs that can shorten ion diffusion length. Third, the rational construction of an interconnected network consisting of multiple scale pores can facilitate mass transport of ions. The combination of large surface area and efficient ion diffusion will increase the effective ion accessible surface area and therefore, the specific capacitance. This is particular important for ultrafast supercapacitors electrodes that aim to be operated at high charging/discharging rates. Despite that the pore engineering and elemental doping have been demonstrated separately on different carbon materials, the combination of these approaches has rarely been reported. Herein, we demonstrate a new porous carbon electrode with high level of structural complexity for ultrafast supercapacitors through the integration of tri-doping and pore engineering method in preparation of carbon-based electrodes. Results and DiscussionThe preparation of the N,O,S tri-doped hierarchical porous carbon foam is illustrated in Scheme 1. The precursors including graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, Poloxamer 407 Carbonaceous materials are attractive supercapacitor electrode materials due to their high electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and low cost. Here, a unique hierarchical porous N,O,S-enriched carbon foam (KNOSC) with high level of structural complexity for supercapacitors is reported. It is fabricated via a combination of a soft-template method, freeze-drying, and chemical etching. The carbon foam is a macroporous structure containing a network of mesoporous channels filled with micropores. It has an extremely large specific surface area of 2685 m 2 g −1 . The pore engineered carbon structure is also uniformly doped with N, O, and S. The KNOSC electrode achieves an outstanding capacitance of 402.5 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 and superior rate capability of 308.5 F g −1 at 100 A g −1...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Pore and Heteroatom Engineered Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors

Peng

Yao

Wei

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

371

170

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“…Based on this study, the inclusion of chemical neutralization in decontamination line procedures does not significantly reduce chemical exposure risks to personnel doffing PPE.The type of physical removal employed, and the sequence of removal and neutralization in a decontamination line bears further study. For example, an initial reduction of the amount of chemical that is present on a PPE or related material through physical removal such as dry decontamination (with e.g., nonwoven dry fabric pads[20,21]), would significantly ease the stoichiometric contaminant/decontaminant burden to use larger amounts of liquid decontaminant. However, even marginal decreases in contamination due to neutralization chemistries can be important prior to PPE doffing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of personal protective equipment and related materials contaminated with toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agent surrogates

Oudejans

O’Kelly

Evans

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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“…This tendency is attributed to the increase of active metal species which enhances the degradation of CWAs. Subsequently, loading of Zr(OH) 4 above 8% does not have a significant effect on the degradation of sarin as higher loading percentage of Zr(OH) 4 may block the pores of W-ACF, which lead to low accessibility of CWA sarin with Zr(OH) 4 39 , 83 . Hence, 6% Zr(OH) 4 loading on W-ACF was employed in all further degradation studies of sarin and soman.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ detoxification of schedule-I chemical warfare agents utilizing Zr(OH)4@W-ACF functional material for the development of next generation NBC protective gears

Imran

Singh

Garg

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have become a pivotal concern for the global community and spurred a wide spectrum of research for the development of new generation protective materials. Herein, a highly effective self-detoxifying filter consisting of in-situ immobilized Zirconium hydroxide [Zr(OH)4] over woven activated carbon fabric [Zr(OH)4@W-ACF] is presented for the removal of CWAs. It was prepared to harness the synergistic effect of high surface area of W-ACF, leads to high dispersion of CWAs and high phosphilicity and reactivity of [Zr(OH)4]. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, EDX, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, and BET surface area analyzer. The kinetics of in-situ degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF were studied and found to be following the first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constant was found to be 0.244 min−1 and 2.31 × 10−2 min−1 for sarin and soman, respectively over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF. The potential practical applicability of this work was established by fabricating Zr(OH)4@W-ACF as reactive adsorbent layer for protective suit, and found to be meeting the specified criteria in terms of air permeability, tearing strength and nerve agent permeation as per TOP-08-2-501A:2013 and IS-17380:2020. The degradation products of CWAs were analyzed with NMR and GC–MS. The combined properties of dual functional textile with reactive material are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of CWAs protective clothing and thus find diverse application in defence and environmental sector.

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Effect of Pore Size Distribution of Commercial Activated Carbon Fabrics on the Adsorption of CWA Simulants from the Liquid Phase

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Pore and Heteroatom Engineered Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors

Pore and Heteroatom Engineered Carbon Foams for Supercapacitors

Decontamination of personal protective equipment and related materials contaminated with toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agent surrogates

In-situ detoxification of schedule-I chemical warfare agents utilizing Zr(OH)4@W-ACF functional material for the development of next generation NBC protective gears

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