Effect of porosity and hexagonality on the infrared transmission of spark plasma sintered ZnS ceramics

Hong, Ji-won; Jung, Woo Sik; Choi, Dong Gyu

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.185

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…The relatively high vapor pressure of chalcogenides makes it difficult to obtain a dense material by free sintering, so the main methods of consolidating powders are hot pressing (HP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), in some cases with additional HIP treatment. Optimization of pressing conditions is performed by taking into account possible contamination of the material with carbon from the mold [66], compaction and recrystallization mechanisms [66,68,89,106,107], sublimation of samples of different compositions [68,89], and the influence of sintering additives and dopants present [74,81,[94][95][96]106], as well as a possible phase transition characteristic for zinc sulfide [108]. In order to control the ZnS phase composition, it is preferable to sinter at relatively low temperatures and short holding times, which can be achieved using the SPS method [82,84].…”

Section: Zinc Chalcogenide Optical Ceramic Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cr2+ or Fe2+ Ion-Doped Zinc Sulfide and Zinc Selenide Ceramics as IR Laser Active Media

Тимофеева

Балабанов

2023

Ceramics

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Zinc chalcogenides doped with Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions are of considerable interest as active media for IR lasers operating in the 2–5 µm wavelength range. Such lasers are in demand in various fields of medicine, remote sensing and atmospheric monitoring, ranging, optical communication systems, and military applications. In recent years, however, the rate of improvement in the characteristics of zinc chalcogenide laser sources has slowed considerably. Unwanted thermally induced effects, parasitic oscillations, and laser-induced damage of the active element have hindered the scaling of output power and efficiency. However, the physical and chemical properties of the materials leave ample room for further improvements. In particular, the control of the dopant concentration profile in the active element is of great importance. Zero concentration of Cr2+ or Fe2+ ions on the radiation input/output surfaces can significantly increase the laser-induced damage threshold; the designed concentration distribution in the element volume allows regulation of heat dissipation and reduction of parasitic oscillations. The zinc chalcogenide ceramic technology seems to be the most suitable to solve this challenge. This review presents and discusses the state of the art in ZnS and ZnSe optical and laser ceramics and the directions for further development of their technology.

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