Effect of Post-Breeding Thermal Stress on Embyronic Mortality in Swine

Tompkins, E. C.; Heidenreich, C. J.; Stob, Martin

doi:10.2527/jas1967.262377x

Cited by 93 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Temperatures up to 34°C from d 3 to d 30 or d 24 after mating, have not reduced embryo survival (Liao and Veum 1994). But Tompkins et al (1967) observed that exposure of sows to 35°C for 24 h on day 1 of gestation resulted in 13.2% fewer viable embryos per 100 corpora lutea than non-stressed sows, which indicates that the beginning of pregnancy is a sensitive stage to thermal stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of climate and insemination technique on reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a subtropical zone of Mexico

Mellado

Gaytán

Macías‐Cruz

et al. 2018

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to analyse the reproductive performance of hybrid (Yorkshire x Landrace) gilts/ sows in relation to temperature-humidity index (THI) at artificial insemination (AI), season of AI, occurrence of estrus >8 d postweaning, repeated estrus, insemination technique (cervical, CAI or post-cervical, PCAI) and parity. Data included 8851 reproductive records (1771 for gilts and 7080 for sows) from a pig farm in a sub-tropical zone (THI ranged from 72.9 in January to 81.8 in June). A decrease in pregnancy rate (PR, 89.8 vs 93.0%; P<0.01) and a tendency to decline farrowing rate (FR, 87.9 vs 90.3%; P=0.07) following AI during high THI (>82), compared to AI at <74 THI were observed. The spring and summer season were associated with decreased (P<0.01) PR compared with fall and winter (90.0% vs 93.0%). Likewise, FR decreased in spring and summer compared to fall and winter (88.5% vs. 90.9%). FR was higher (P<0.01) in non-repeat breeders compared with that of repeat-breeders (90.3% vs 76.2%). Litter size increased (P<0.01) from 10.8 ± 3.2 to 11.1 ± 3.1 pigs when the interval from weaning to estrus was >8 d. The insemination technique did not affect PR and FR but the litter size decreased (P<0.05) from 11.3 ± 3.0 to 11.1 ± 2.9 pigs when PCAI was used compared to CAI. This study reaffirms the negative effects of the hot season on reproductive performance of gilts/sows, although thermal stress at AI did not cause foetal losses. Also, there is no advantage in using the PCAI as compared to the CAI in gilts/sows with high numbers of sperm cells per AI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of climate and insemination technique on reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a subtropical zone of Mexico

Mellado

Gaytán

Macías‐Cruz

et al. 2018

Austral j. vet. sci.

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“…Resistance of the embryos to elevated temperature increases significantly between the third and fifth day post fertilization (Ealy et al, 1993). Thus, bovine preimplantation embryos in vivo, like other farm animal embryos, become more resistant to thermal stress as the development proceeds (Putney et al, 1988;Dutt, 1963;Tompkins et al, 1967;Wolfenson and Blüm 1988). There are reports indicating that a higher air temperature in the summer disrupts oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development.…”

Section: The Influence Of Elevated Air Temperature On Bovine Fertilitmentioning

confidence: 98%

The application of in vitro cattle embryo production system to study the influence of elevated temperature on oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development

Rynkowska¹,

Rapala²,

Trzeciak³

et al. 2011

bta

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Higher air temperature in summer causes a significant reduction in fertility in cattle. Increase in female body temperature during the period of reproduction by only 2EC, also known as hyperthermia, leads to disturbances in the functioning of the female reproductive system, oocytes maturation, fertilization and embryos development. Particularly sensitive to high temperatures are embryos in the first and second day after fertilization (thermosensitive), but just at third till fifth day after fertilization their resistance to thermal stress significantly increases. Morula-stage and blastocyst-stage bovine embryos are insensitive to elevated temperatures (thermoresistant). Most probably this is due to the increasing number of cells within the embryo and the capacity to activate defense mechanisms based on the synthesis of various factors providing resistance to high temperatures. These factors include heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), antioxidants such as glutathione, and IGF-1. One of the responses of the embryo to elevated temperature is the induction of apoptosis, which is associated with the activation of embryonic genome. Owing to the apoptosis, cells damaged by high temperature may be eliminated from the embryo, which increases their chance of survival. Precise examination of the mechanisms responsible for the development of thermotolerance of preimplantation bovine embryos will enable their protection from the consequences of elevated temperature. The aim of this review is to summarise experiments in which in vitro embryo production system was used to estimate the influence of elevated temperature on cattle fertility.

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“…Some studies have demonstrated that elevated temperatures significantly decrease the ovulation rate (Bilkei 1995;Tegue et al 1968), whereas other studies revealed no such effect (Edwards et al 1968;Tomkins et al 1967). Tomkins et al (1967) and Bilkei (1995) observed increased embryonic mortality when sows were exposed to high ambient temperature within 3 weeks post-mating, but found no effect of high temperature on the litter during middle and late pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Tomkins et al (1967) and Bilkei (1995) observed increased embryonic mortality when sows were exposed to high ambient temperature within 3 weeks post-mating, but found no effect of high temperature on the litter during middle and late pregnancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gonadotropins during Hot Summer Season Given at Different Times after Weaning on Selected Reproductive Indicators of the Sow

Franek

Bilkei

2008

Acta Vet. Brno

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Franek S.P., G. Bilkei: Effect of Gonadotropins during Hot Summer Season Given at Different Times after Weaning on Selected Reproductive Indicators of the Sow. Acta Vet. Brno 2008, 77: 193-198.The experiment was performed on a large indoor herd during a hot season period in Alföld, Hungary. The post-weaning sows (F1 and F2 of Large White × Landrace mated to Duroc boars (mean parity 3.4 +/-0.7 SD; mean body condition 3.01 +/-0.3 SD, previous lactation length of 28.3 +/-1.5 d) were divided into four groups of similar body condition, lactation length and parity and were treated as follows:Group 1: sows (n = 420) were injected subcutaneously with 400 I.U. of Gonadotropinum sericum (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, PMSG [eCG]) and 200 I.U. of Gonadotropinum chorionicum (human choriongonadotropin, HCG [hCG]) one day after weaning.Group 2: sows (n = 405) received subcutaneously 4 ml of saline injection one day after weaning.Group 3: sows (n = 425), purposely chosen from among animals that did not show heat within 7 days after weaning, were treated on day 7 post-weaning with PMSG and HCG as the animals in group 1.Group 4: sows (n = 415) purposely chosen from among animals that did not show heat within 7 days after weaning, were treated on day 7 post-weaning as group 2.Sows expressing oestrus, sows ovulating after treatment, treatment to oestrus intervals and follicular sizes were evaluated. The number of sows expressing oestrus, sows ovulating, and treatment to oestrus intervals differed between the groups (group 1 vs. 2: P < 0.05, group 3 vs. 4: P < 0.01). The sows treated with PMSG and HCG on day 7 post-weaning (group 3) had smaller (P < 0.05) follicular diameters compared to the sows that were treated one day after weaning. Group 4 sows had a smaller follicular diameter (3.6 +/-0.6 mm) compared to group 1 (P < 0.001) and 3 (P < 0.01).The present results show that the gonadotropin treatment one day after weaning or in the case of anoestrus 7 days after weaning overrides the negative effects of the hot summer season and effectively prevents seasonal infertility of the breeding sow. Swine, reproduction, seasonal anoestrus, gonadotropin, season, infertilityHigh ambient temperatures may negatively influence the reproductive performance of the sow (Britt et al. 1983). In a large Hungarian study, seasonal infertility was manifested by -post-weaning anoestrus, -prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals, -increased embryonic mortality, -increased abortions and stillbirths, -reduced farrowing rates, and -decreased born and weaned litter sizes (Bilkei 1995).The effects of hot season on weaning-to-oestrus intervals are mediated by ovarian follicular development (Soede et al. 1998). Sows with small follicles (< 4 mm) on day 3 after weaning are more likely to experience anoestrus or delayed oestrus compared to sows with larger follicles (Bracken et al. 2003). High ambient temperature during lactation was associated with suppressed follicular growth during lactation (Lucy et al. 2001).

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Effect of Post-Breeding Thermal Stress on Embyronic Mortality in Swine

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of climate and insemination technique on reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a subtropical zone of Mexico

Effect of climate and insemination technique on reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a subtropical zone of Mexico

The application of in vitro cattle embryo production system to study the influence of elevated temperature on oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development

Effect of Gonadotropins during Hot Summer Season Given at Different Times after Weaning on Selected Reproductive Indicators of the Sow

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