Effect of potassium ferrate(VI) on survival and reproduction of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis tomonts

Ling, Fei; Wang, Jianguo; Wang, Gao‐Xue; Gong, Xun

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2389-1

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…() garlic extract only had a strong effect on the tomonts at high concentrations of 117 and 570 ppm. Other similar results were reported by other scholars related to the more resistance of tomonts against the chemical and natural antiparasite substances (Buchmann et al., ; Ling et al., , ; Liu et al., ; Yao et al., ; Yi et al., ; Zhang et al., ). The TA treatment at high concentrations probably due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups can easily penetrate the cell membrane and result in the inhibition of I. multifiliis tomont division and the release of theronts (Song et al., ; Yao et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Bath treatments using a variety of chemical compounds such as malachite green (Rintamäki‐Kinnunen et al., ; Ruider, Schmahl, Mehlhorn, Schmidt, & Ritter, ; Schachte, ; Schmahl, Ruider, Mehlhorn, Schmidt, & Ritter, ), formalin (Jorgensen & Buchmann, ; Rowland, Mifsud, Nixon, Read, & Landos, ), copper sulphate (Rowland et al., ; Schlenk, Gollon, & Griffin, ; Straus, ; Straus, Hossain, & Clark, ,b), chloramine‐T and hydrogen peroxide (Rintamäki‐Kinnunen et al., ), potassium permanganate (Straus & Griffin, ), potassium ferrate (VI) (Ling, Wang, Wang, & Gong, ; Ling et al., ), chlorophyllin (Wohllebe, Richter, & Häder, ), tricaine methanesulfonate (Xu, Shoemaker, & Klesius, ) and nitazoxanide (Sutili et al., ) were first studied to overcome I. multifiliis and ichthyophthiriasis in aquatic ecosystems. From the early 21st century, the application of malachite green as a therapeutant in fish farms was forbidden in the EU, North America and many other countries due to its carcinogenic effects on the human health (Sudova, Machova, Svobodova, & Vesely, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis

Alavinia

Mirzargar

Rahmati‐Holasoo

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The in vitro antiparasitic effect of polyphenol tannic acid (TA) on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomonts was evaluated. In vitro antiparasitic assays revealed that TA in a dose- and time-dependent pattern through the damage of parasite plasma membrane could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis theronts at concentrations of 8 and 11 ppm during all the exposure times (45-270 min). The tomonts proliferation was completely inhibited by penetrating TA (at least 15 ppm for 22-hr exposure) into encysted tomont across the cyst wall. However, 10 ppm TA could result in a ninefold decrease in the population of live tomonts compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although at theront concentrations of over 6,000 per zebrafish (Danio rerio), a 100% prevalence of ichthyophthiriasis during a 5-day exposure was recorded, results of in vivo tests showed that the parasite that pretreated up to 10 ppm TA for 70 min had not any capability to infect the studied zebrafish population. The acute toxicity (96 hr-LC ) of TA for zebrafish was 19.51 ppm. Thus, TA can be considered as a natural therapeutant to safely and efficiently improve the health of aquatic systems by controlling ichthyophthiriasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis

Alavinia

Mirzargar

Rahmati‐Holasoo

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…However, the killing activity of PS against tomocysts appears to be higher when compared to other compounds. Tomocysts are equipped with a cyst wall and considered more resistant to the action of various disinfectants and chemicals (Ling, Wang, Wang, & Gong, ; Picon‐Camacho, Marcos‐Lopez, Bron, & Shinn, ; Song et al., ). It is therefore noteworthy that the Pseudomonas H6 surfactant in this study showed a strong effect on tomocysts, which suggests that the product will have a high potential for control of I. multifiliis in aquaculture facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pseudomonas H6 surfactant on all external life cycle stages of the fish parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Al‐Jubury

Kania

et al. 2018

Journal of Fish Diseases

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A bacterial biosurfactant isolated from Pseudomonas (strain H6) has previously been shown to have a lethal effect on the oomycete Saprolegnia diclina infecting fish eggs. The present work demonstrates that the same biosurfactant has a strong in vitro antiparasitic effect on the fish pathogenic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.Three life cycle stages (the infective theront stage, the tomont and the tomocyst containing tomites) were all susceptible to the surfactant. Theronts were the most sensitive showing 100% mortality in as low concentrations as 10 and 13 lg/ml within 30 min. Tomonts were the most resistant but were killed in concentrations of 100 lg/ml. Tomocysts, which generally are considered resistant to chemical and medical treatment, due to the surrounding protective cyst wall, were also sensitive.The surfactant, in concentrations of 10 and 13 lg/ml, penetrated the cyst wall and killed the enclosed tomites within 60 min. Rainbow trout fingerlings exposed to the biosurfactant showed no adverse immediate or late signs following several hours incubation in concentrations effective for killing the parasite. This bacterial surfactant may be further developed for application as an antiparasitic control agent in aquaculture. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…A toxicity assay was conducted to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of C. frutescens on the survival and reproduction of I. multifiliis tomonts according to an approach taken by Ling et al (2011). One-hundred trophonts were distributed to each well of a 24-well tissue culture plate.…”

Section: In Vitro Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) against the fish ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

et al. 2012

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Abstracts Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an important fish ectoparasite that often results in significant economic losses to freshwater aquaculture. The search of alternative substances to control infections of I. multifiliis became stringent after malachite green, an effective and widely used chemotherapeutant, is banned on fish farms because of its carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. In this study, the effects of the aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens, which is readily available and affordable, were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results in the in vitro conditions showed that the aqueous extracts of C. frutescens with the ratios (V SS /V T -V SS , the volume of stock solution; V T , the volume of total solution) of 1:32 and 1:64 led to more than 70 % mortality of I. multifiliis theronts during 4 h of exposure and significantly reduced the survival of the tomonts and the total number of theronts released by the tomonts within 22 h (P<0.05). A 96-h bioassay was carried out to determine the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of C. frutescens to goldfish. No visible effect was observed in the treatments with the aqueous extracts of C. frutescens with the ratios (V SS /V T ) of 1:32, 1:64 and 1:128, while in the other treatments, the erratic behaviour of fish was noted. In addition, in vitro tests demonstrated that the aqueous extract of C.frutescens had an adverse effect on I. multifiliis trophonts in situ. Fish treated with the aqueous extracts of C. frutescens in ratios V SS /V T of 1:32 and 1:64 carried significantly fewer parasites than the control and the other treatments (P<0.05). These results suggest, therefore, that aqueous extracts of C. frutescens have potential for the control of ichthyophthiriasis in the aquaculture industry, though further phytochemical studies will need to be performed for isolation and identification of the active compounds.

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Effect of potassium ferrate(VI) on survival and reproduction of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis tomonts

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis

The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis

Impact of Pseudomonas H6 surfactant on all external life cycle stages of the fish parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Effects of aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) against the fish ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

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