Effect of potential and ferric ions on lead sulfide dissolution in nitric acid

Пашков, Г. Л.; Mikhlina, E. V.; Kholmogorov, A. G.; Mikhlin, Yuri L.

doi:10.1016/s0304-386x(01)00221-3

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The combination of brine solutions and high-temperature improved leaching but the solution chemistry is undesirable because of extensive corrosion of the steel parts of the reactors. − Nitrate-based leaching was found to be more effective than sulfate and chloride leaching because of the high solubility of lead nitrate. However, the possible release of harmful nitrogen oxide gases makes it unfavorable. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Surface Passivation during Galena Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetate and Citrate Solutions at 25–50 °C

Nikkhou

Xia

Knorsch

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Organic solutions are promising lixiviants for fast and environmentally sustainable Pb extraction from ore minerals at low temperatures. However, engineering of novel leaching flowsheets has been hindered by poor understanding of the leaching mechanism, particularly the formation of surfacepassivating phases. Here, we studied leaching of galena (PbS), the most abundant Pb ore mineral, in citrate and acetate solutions at 25−50 °C. The results show faster and higher Pb extraction in citrate solutions than in acetate solutions. For example, leaching of 53−106 μm galena particles at 35 °C for 2 h achieved 69.3% Pb extraction in a pH 7 citrate solution but only 30.1% in a pH 3 acetate solution. Investigation of solid residues by SEM, EDS, quantitative powder X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy proved the formation of a porous yet poorly permeable layer of anglesite during acetate leaching by pseudomorphic replacement of galena and subsequent overgrowth, hindering further leaching after 55.6% Pb extraction. In contrast, in citrate solutions, no anglesite was observed, but the formation of an impermeable thin Pb-oxide layer caused surface passivation after 87.1% Pb extraction. Our experimental results and thermodynamic calculations suggest that Pb-citrate complexes [e.g., Pb 2 (C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 2− , Pb(C 6 H 5 O 7 ) 2 4− , and Pb(C 6 H 5 O 7 ) − ] are far more effective than Pb-acetate complexes [e.g., Pb(CH 3 COO) + and Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 ] in suppressing the precipitation of anglesite because of the high solubility of Pb-citrate complexes in sulfate-rich solutions. This work provides a scientific basis for developing greener approaches such as in situ leaching and heap leaching for recovering Pb from galena-bearing ores.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Surface Passivation during Galena Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetate and Citrate Solutions at 25–50 °C

Nikkhou

Xia

Knorsch

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…According to the characterization analysis of the low-nickel matte, in order to comprehensively extract Ni, Cu, and Co from the low-nickel matte, the metal sulfide and ferronickel need to be dissolved by oxidation. Fe 3+ in an acidic solution has a strong oxidizing property and is often used for oxidation leaching of metal sulfides [34]. In addition, considering the high solubility of metal chloride generated in the leaching of metal sulfide in the chloride system, and the porous and loose form of the elemental S 0 generated by the reaction [35], it has little hindrance to the diffusion and mass transfer of the reactant at the initial stage of the reaction, which is conducive to the leaching of metal elements.…”

Section: Chemical Feasibility Of the Leaching Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Barrier Layer on the Surface of Low-Nickel Matte in an FeCl3-HCl-H2O Solution

Zhu

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Using ferric chloride as an oxidant, here, we investigated the leaching effect of low-nickel matte in a flow field produced by mechanical agitation. The factors affecting a leaching reaction, such as stirring speed, leaching time, low-nickel matte particle size, and inert abrasive quartz sand, were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), a laser particle size analyzer, optical microscopy (OM), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS), and a Raman spectrometer were used to characterize the materials before and after the leaching reaction. The contents of the main metal ions such as Ni, Cu, and Co in the leaching solution were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Using the control variable method, the optimal experimental conditions were as follows: 2 mol/L FeCl3—0.5 mol/L HCl-H2O system with low-nickel matte and quartz sand (mass ratio is 1:5) and leaching at 90 °C for 8 h. The results showed that the blocking effect of the solid product sulfur layer was effectively removed and continuous leaching was realized. The leaching efficiencies of Ni, Cu, and Co were 98.9%, 99.3%, and 98.1%, respectively.

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“…Hydrometallurgical routes of leaching lead concentrates have been developed progressively by testing a number of solvents to overcome such problems ( Greet and Smart, 2002 ; Aydoğan et al, 2007 ; Long et al, 2009 ; Wu et al, 2014 ). However, the chemical solvents used are reported to have a very low solubility of lead, a high corrosiveness, and very high toxicity, and a significantly high temperature (65–85°C) is required to achieve a high lead recovery as listed in Table 1 ( Warren et al, 1987 ; Pashkov et al, 2002 ; Aydoğan et al, 2007 ; Qin et al, 2009 ; Zárate-Gutiérrez et al, 2010 , 2015 ; Baba and Adekola, 2013 ; Wu et al, 2014 ; Anugrah et al, 2017 ; Allen and Igboayaka, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the bioleaching of galena (PbS) has been poorly studied, since the complete oxidation of galena leads to insoluble anglesite (PbSO 4 ) that thus precludes the recovery of lead from bioleaching and ferric sulfate leaching through conventional solvent extraction/electrowinning routes ( Da Silva et al, 2003 ; Da Silva, 2004 ). Moreover, several studies demonstrated that the elevated lead bioleaching/leaching efficiencies were achieved in the presence of NaCl ( Warren et al, 1987 ; Liao and Deng, 2004 ; Ye et al, 2017 ), FeCl 3 ( Dutrizac, 1986 ; Kim et al, 1986 ; Warren et al, 1987 ; Dutrizac and Chen, 1990 ; Long et al, 2009 ), and ferric (Fe 3+ ) ions ( Pashkov et al, 2002 ). Hence, the present study investigated the use of a local mixotrophic bacterium (identified as Citrobacter sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of Indonesian Galena Concentrate With an Iron- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Mixotrophic Bacterium at Room Temperature

2020

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Biohydrometallurgy is believed to be a promising future study field for the recovery of lead (Pb) from ores/concentrates since the pyrometallurgical/hydrometallurgical processes have been largely applied to recover Pb to date, which operates at high temperature and generates volatile Pb matters that are hazardous and carcinogenic to human health. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the biohydrometallurgical extraction of Pb from the Indonesian galena concentrate through bioleaching using an iron- and sulfur-oxidizing mixotrophic bacterium (identified as Citrobacter sp.). The bioleaching experiments were conducted in shake flasks containing the modified LB broth medium supplemented with galena concentrate with a particle size of d 80 = 75 μm at room temperature. Both semi-direct and direct bioleaching methods were employed in this study. The bacterium was able to extract lead (Pb) from galena concentrate with high selectivity to Cu and Zn (0.99 and 0.86, respectively). The highest extraction level of 90 g lead dissolved/kg galena concentrate was achieved using direct bioleaching method at bioleaching conditions of 2% w/v pulp density, 5 g/L FeCl 3 , 50 g/L NaCl, 20 g/L molasses and a rotation speed of 180 rpm at room temperature (25°C). The addition of FeCl 3 , NaCl, and molasses increased the lead leaching efficiencies, which were also evidenced by the FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. From industrial and commercial standpoints, the selective bioleaching represented in this study may be beneficial to the development of lead leaching from sulfide minerals, since insoluble anglesite (PbSO 4 ) precipitates are formed during ferric sulfate oxidation, thus making the recovery of lead through bioleaching unpractical.

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Effect of potential and ferric ions on lead sulfide dissolution in nitric acid

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanisms of Surface Passivation during Galena Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetate and Citrate Solutions at 25–50 °C

Mechanisms of Surface Passivation during Galena Leaching by Hydrogen Peroxide in Acetate and Citrate Solutions at 25–50 °C

Effective Removal of Barrier Layer on the Surface of Low-Nickel Matte in an FeCl3-HCl-H2O Solution

Bioleaching of Indonesian Galena Concentrate With an Iron- and Sulfur-Oxidizing Mixotrophic Bacterium at Room Temperature

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