Effect of pre-emergent graminicide herbicides on germination and early development of native species

Abstract

The occurrence of weeds has been the main obstacle to vegetation recovery in Cerrado areas unduly occupied by agricultural and livestock activities. This study evaluates the effect of different pre-emergent herbicides on the emergence, survival, and early development of seedlings of the native species jatobá (Hymenaea stigonocarpa), urucum (Bixa orellana), dry flour (Albizia hasslerii), and white jurema (Mimosa interrupta). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates, where the treatments were constituted by herbicides: isoxaflutole, applied at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 g ai ha-1 ; pendimethalin, at 500, 1000, and 4000 g ai ha-1 ; and trifluralin, at 600, 1200, and 2400 g ai ha-1 ; in addition to a control treatment, without the application of herbicides. Herbicide phytotoxicity was evaluated at 35 days after emergence for the number of emerged seedlings, number of leaves per seedling, seedling height and diameter, and root and shoot dry weight. With the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that under the conditions of the experiment, all the herbicides and doses used did not affect the emergence and early development of seedlings of species H. stigonocarpa and B. orellana. For species A. hasslerii, the dose of 300 g ai ha-1 of herbicide isoxaflutole was not selective. All doses of the herbicide trifluralin showed selectivity for species M. interrupta.

Herbicides selectivity on seedlings of White Leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala)

“…ha -1 ) did not affect the emergence and initial development of carcuera (Platypodium elegans) and carobinha (Jacaranda micrantha) (Marchi et al, 2018), having similar effects on jatoba (Hymenaea stigonocarpa) and annatto (Bixa orellana) (500, 1000, and 4000 g a.i. ha -1 ) (Marques et al, 2019). Means followed by the same letter in each column do not differ according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion at 5% probability.…”

“…Likewise, postemergence application of herbicides flumioxazin and sulfentrazone on eucalyptus plants did not cause symptoms of phytotoxicity after 30 DAA (Tiburcio et al, 2012). Moreover, pendimethalin application in carcuera (P. elegans), carobinha (J. micrantha) (Marchi et al, 2018), jatoba (H. stigonocarpa), and annatto (B. orellana) (Marques et al, 2019) A Carboxylase (ACCase), being a specific herbicide for control of grasses (Oliveira Jr., 2011). These results demonstrate the selectivity of these herbicides combined with the broad spectrum of weed control.…”

“…ha -1 ). For that same herbicide, Marques et al (2019) found reductions in the height of dry flour (Albizia hasslerii) (300 g a.i. ha -1 ) and white jurema (Mimosa interrupta) (100, 200, and 300 g a.i.…”

“…In forest species such as caroba (Jacaranda puberula), cedar (Cedrela fissilis), sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa), braunado-Sertão (S. brasiliensis), and guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba), plant diameter was not affected after application of clomazone (Cabral et al, 2017). In addition, when studying the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin, Marchi et al (2018) found no diameter reductions in carcuera (P. elegans) and carobinha (J. micrantha), the same being observed by Marques et al (2019) in jatoba (H. stigonocarpa), annatto (B. orellana), and dry flour (A. hasslerii). Herbicides flumioxazin and sulfentrazone also did not reduce the diameter of eucalyptus plants (Tiburcio et al, 2012).…”

“…In pre-emergence application of clomazone in forest species such as inga-bean (I. marginata), caroba (J. puberula), and guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliensis) (Cabral et al, 2017), and pendimethalin in carcuera (P. elegans), carobinha (J. micrantha) (Marchi et al, 2018), jatoba (H. stigonocarpa), annatto (B. orellana), and dry flour (A. hasslerii) (Marques et al, 2019), the authors did not find a reduction in plant height. In postemergence application of haloxyfop-methyl in aroeira seedlings (Duarte et al, 2006), sulfentrazone in African Herbicidas pós-emergentes mahogany (Paz et al, 2018), and flumioxazin and sulfentrazone in eucalyptus (Tiburcio et al, 2012), plant height did not decrease as well.…”