Effect of preload on the dynamic characteristics of ceramic bearings based on a dynamic thermal coupling model

Abstract

Ceramic bearings have a good dynamic output performance under an ultra-high, ultra-low temperature due to their small deformation property. Based on the Harris and Palmgren empirical equation, this article establishes the thermal transfer model of a ceramic motorized spindle. The thermal deformation of a ceramic angular contact ball bearing is calculated. A dynamic and thermal coupling model of the ceramic motorized spindle is built using the Hertz contact theory, which can determine the optimal preload force under different rotating speed conditions. The influence of different temperatures, preload, and rotation speeds on the bearing vibration characteristics was studied. The accuracy of the dynamic and thermal coupling model was verified by the motorized spindle experimental platform. The results show that the thermal deformation of the bearing is an important influencing factor for the output of the dynamic characteristics. Considering the thermal displacement of the bearing, the simulation accuracy of the ceramic motorized spindle-bearing system is in good agreement with the experimental results. By adjusting the bearing preload, the parameters of the rotating speed can effectively reduce the temperature rise and suppress the vibration. The spindle-bearing system model provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic development of a high-speed ceramic bearing.

Experimental Research on the Influence of Working Conditions on Vibration and Temperature Rise of Si3N4 Full‐Ceramic Bearing Motors

“…ere are many factors that cause the vibration and temperature rise of the spindle motor, and the reasons are also very complicated. For example, the vibration is mainly caused by rotor imbalance, uneven air gap, and abnormal bearings; temperature rise is mainly caused by winding iron core heating, poor bearing lubrication, bearings wear, and other reasons; among which, the vibration and temperature rise caused by the bearing accounts for a large proportion [8,9]. Excessive vibration and high temperature rise of the spindle motor not only will produce loud noises and aggravate bearing wear but also may cause damage to the insulation layer or even burn the motor, which will affect the performance and reduce the service life of the spindle motor.…”

“…ere are many reasons for vibration and temperature rise in ceramic bearings during operation, such as frequent changes of rotational speeds, loads, external environment and other factors, friction and wear between the internal components of ceramic bearings, fatigue spalling and crack propagation of ceramic rings and rolling elements, cage fracture [11], existence of bearing clearance, viscosity and friction resistance of lubricating oil [12], and so on. Applying proper axial preloads [8] to the bearing can not only reduce the axial clearance of the bearing but also improve the stiffness of the shaft system to reduce vibration and noise [13]. Suitable lubrication [14,15] can ensure effective lubrication of spindle motor bearings and reduce bearing wear and the generation of heat by friction, improving the performance and life of bearings.…”

Friction Properties and Distribution Rule of Lubricant Film of Full Ceramic Ball Bearing Under Different Service Condition

“…Full ceramic ball bearings refer to high-tech bearing products whose rings and rolling bodies are made of ceramic materials. They can be widely used in aerospace, navigation, metallurgy, the chemical industry, national defence and military fields [1][2][3]. Because full ceramic ball bearings work at high speed, frequently start-stop, have variable loads, overload, are subject to vibrations and go through other harsh working conditions, they often operate in a state of mixing and boundary lubrication [4][5][6][7][8], which causes pitting wear on the rolling body and raceway surface of the ring, and then leads to the failure of the full ceramic ball bearings.…”

Research on Dynamic Balance of Spindle Rotor System Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

“…In the study of rotor system dynamic characteristics, the dynamic unbalance is one of the most important subjects that can influence the stability problem [1][2][3]. When the spindle unit is running for a long time, the spindle will produce unbalanced force and vibration due to wear and deformation [4]. e instability of rotor system is prominent at high speed.…”