Effect of Primary Treated Biomethanated Spentwash on Soil Properties and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) on Sodic Soil

Impact of post biomethanated spentwash on soil properties, nutrient uptake and yield of soybean – wheat cropping sequence

“…The mean weight diameter , per cent water-stable aggregation, saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention at 0.033 MPa suction were significantly (P < 0.05) more while bulk density and penetration resistance was significantly less in PME-treated plots than that of control. Deshpande et al (2012) reported that the physical properties [bulk density, mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates and hydraulic conductivity] of soil were improved in both layers of sodic soil (0-30 and 30-60 cm) as a result of the addition of increased doses of PBSW. Hydraulic conductivity: The highest pooled hydraulic conductivity of soil was observed in treatment T 3 in surface depth (0.455 cm hr -1 ) and T 2 in sub-surface depth (0.419 cm hr -1 ) as compared to rest of other treatments.…”

“…As the PBSW application through irrigation quantity was increased the CEC of soil was also increased. This might be due to high amount of cations as well as organic matter in PBSW (Deshpande et al, 2012 -1 )}. The exchangeable Na + was gradually increased in all the soil depths in PBSW treatments at the end of experiment (wheat harvest 2010-11) as compare to initial soil values and this increase was more substantial in treatments T 2 and T 3 .The exchangeable Na + was gradually increased due to continuous application of PBSW with high salt load, which increased salt concentration in clayey soils, increased conductivity and there by saturation of salts in lower soil depths (Table 6).…”

“…The highest hydraulic conductivity of soil was gradually increased at the end of experiment as compared to initial values (Table 3). The hydraulic conductivity of soil was increased due to the higher amount of colloidal organic matter present in the PBSW which resulted in aggregation of soil particles and thereby decrease in bulk density and increase in the pore space, aeration which improves the structure of soil (Hati et al, 2004 andDeshpande et al, 2012). Effect of PBSW irrigation on chemical properties Soil pH (1:2.5): The highest pooled soil pH (8.18, 8.14 and 8.12) was observed in treatment T 1 at all the soil depths.…”

“…This was happen because the distillery effluent had a high concentration of colloidal forms of organic matter and its application led to increased organic carbon in post harvest soil. Deshpande et al, (2012) stated that the significant increase in organic carbon was observed in both soil layers as a result of the addition of PBSW at 180 m 3 ha −1 . (Table 5).…”

“…The high organic carbon content of PBSW serves as food and energy for soil microorganisms. The microbial populations (bacteria,fungi, actinomycetes, azotobacter, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) increased withan increase in the levels of application of PBSW (Deshpande et al, 2012). However, the lowest bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population was …”