Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. II. Cold Hardiness

Bell, Neil C.; Strik, Bernadine C.; Martin, Lloyd W.

doi:10.21273/jashs.120.1.25

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This pattern was altered in 1993, but we feel this was the result of winter injury in February to unsuppressed and April-suppressed plants. Latersuppressed plants were unaffected by this cold weather, illustrating their greater hardiness (Bell et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. I. Yield Components

Bell¹,

Strik²,

Martin³

1995

jashs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primocanes of `Marion' trailing blackberry plants (Rubus spp.) were suppressed by cutting them off at ground level in either late April, May, June, or July 1991 and 1992. A control was included in which primocanes were not cut. Four canes per plant were trained in either August or February, with all other canes being removed and measured. Yield data were collected in 1992 and 1993, after which yield components were measured. Cane diameter was greatest for unsuppressed plants and declined with later primocane removal date. Cane length was greatest for unsuppressed and April-suppressed plants. Internode length decreased and main cane percent budbreak increased with later suppression date. Cane number and total main cane length per plant were increased in April-, May-, and June-suppressed plants in 1992 and for April- and June-suppressed plants in 1993. Consequently, yield of April-suppressed plants exceeded that of unsuppressed plants in 1992. Yield of April-, May-, and June-suppressed plants exceeded that of unsuppressed plants in 1993. August-trained plants yielded 46% more than February-trained plants, primarily because of higher percent budbreak on main canes. August-trained plants also produced longer canes with more nodes and a greater number of fruit per main cane lateral.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. I. Yield Components

Bell¹,

Strik²,

Martin³

1995

jashs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The yield of an AY field is about 80% of an EY field over a two year period, depending on cultivar. Primocanes following an off-year in an AY system are morecold-hardy than primocanes that grew in the presence of floricanes (Bell et al, 1995b;Cortell and Strik, 1997), are easier to train, and have less cane disease than in EY systems. Some growers are cutting the first flush of primocanes back to the crown in the off year (~30 cm tall) to increase yield and cold hardiness (Bell et al, 1995b).…”

Section: Trailing Blackberriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primocanes following an off-year in an AY system are morecold-hardy than primocanes that grew in the presence of floricanes (Bell et al, 1995b;Cortell and Strik, 1997), are easier to train, and have less cane disease than in EY systems. Some growers are cutting the first flush of primocanes back to the crown in the off year (~30 cm tall) to increase yield and cold hardiness (Bell et al, 1995b). In Oregon, USA, about 40% of the trailing blackberry production is grown in AY systems, while these types are typically grown in EY systems, trained after harvest, in other regions.…”

Section: Trailing Blackberriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors that most limit the range of trailing blackberries are cold hardiness, summer heat, and wind. For example, 'Marion' blackberry is considered to have a maximum bud hardiness of -10°C when dormant and -4°C during the acclimation or deacclimation phase; 'Marion' has an estimated chilling requirement of 300 hours making this cultivar sensitive to fluctuating winter temperatures (Strik et al, 1994;Bell et al, 1995b).…”

Section: Trailing Blackberriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blackberry Production Systems - A Worldwide Perspective

Strik¹,

Finn²

2012

Acta Hortic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are generally three types of blackberry: the erect (e.g. 'Navaho', 'Ouachita'); semi-erect (e.g. 'Chester Thornless', 'Loch Ness'); and trailing (e.g. 'Marion', 'Boysen'). All types can be grown for fresh and processed markets, although the trailing types with their small seed (pyrene) size and aromatic flavor are considered superior for processed markets. The largest blackberry production regions are Mexico, Europe (particularly Serbia), and the USA (particularly Oregon) where the predominant types grown are erect, semi-erect, and trailing, respectively. Production systems for these types of blackberries differ with modifications in some regions depending on historical production differences, cultivar, and harvest method. Trailing blackberries are generally trained to a twoto three-wire trellis. Primocanes are either carefully managed under the canopy for every-year production or are left un-managed in the on-year of alternate year (AY) production systems. AY production systems are most common in Oregon where they are used to maximize cold tolerance and minimize cane disease. Primocane suppression techniques are used to maximize machine-harvest efficiency, while training techniques can be utilized to increase yield and cold hardiness. Erect blackberries are generally grown in hand-harvested fresh market production systems. The type of trellis used, the extent of cane training (tying or no tying), and the degree of main cane tipping and the amount and frequency of branch cane shortening in erect blackberry varies with region. In Mexico, specialized production systems, which use chemical defoliants, pruning, and growth regulators, have been developed to extend the season for erect blackberry cultivars such as 'Tupy'. Semierect blackberries are generally grown on a more elaborate trellis, sometimes with a divided canopy. Depending on production region, primocanes may be summer pruned to a high (~1.7 m) or low (~0.5 m) height to encourage branching; management of branches differs among regions. Recently, annual-fruiting, erect blackberries have being trialed by commercial growers in many production regions. Early evidence indicates this type of blackberry may offer advantages for out-ofseason production in warmer climates, provided the plantings are pruned and managed well. As demand for blackberries continues to increase, new cultivars are being developed including primocane-or annual-fruiting, erect types and hybrids between erect, semi-erect, and trailing types that require modifications in the traditional pruning and training systems.Proc. X th Intl. Rubus and Ribes Symp.

show abstract

“…In controlled freezing studies, Cortell and Strik (1997) reported canes and buds of western trailing 'Marion' blackberry survived temperatures as low as -9°F in one year, but only to 16°F in another year. In the field, floral buds of 'Marion' blackberry often suffer winter injury when temperatures drop below 12°F (Crandall, 1995), and plants quickly deacclimate to cold temperatures once their dormancy or rest requirement has been fulfilled (Bell et al, 1995). The loss of cold hardiness in some winters may be related to the warm weather that precedes extremely low temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rowcovers Improve Winter Survival and Production of Western Trailing ‘Siskiyou’ Blackberry in the Eastern United States

Takeda

Demchak

Warmund

et al. 2008

hortte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Winter injury has limited the expansion of commercial blackberry (Genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus) production into more northern latitudes in central and eastern United States. Rowcover (RC) was applied over trailing ‘Boysenberry’ and ‘Siskiyou’ and erect, thornless ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Apache’ blackberries at Kearneysville, WV (lat. 39.5°N, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 6b) from 2004 to 2007. The daily minimum temperatures under RC were as much as 5 °F to 10 °F higher at nights after sunny days, but were similar during nights after overcast days. On sunny days, daily maximum temperatures under RC were as much as 28 °F higher than in the open. Under RC, humidity rose more quickly and remained higher during the day than in the open, but was slightly lower at night. Mean vapor pressure deficit in late December, January, February, and early March was 100 to 250 kPa higher under RC than in the open. RC treatment significantly reduced winter injury and increased yield in ‘Siskiyou’ blackberry plants. The winter protection techniques described here would provide substantial benefits for growing blackberries in more northern areas where winter injury frequently causes crop failure.

show abstract

Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. II. Cold Hardiness

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. I. Yield Components

Effect of Primocane Suppression Date on `Marion' Trailing Blackberry. I. Yield Components

Blackberry Production Systems - A Worldwide Perspective

Rowcovers Improve Winter Survival and Production of Western Trailing ‘Siskiyou’ Blackberry in the Eastern United States

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About