Effect of printing orientation on the fracture strength of additively manufactured 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses after aging

Fracture Load of 3D-Printed Interim Three-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses: Impact of Printing Orientation and Post-Curing Time

“…This can be attributed to the direction of load in relation to the printing layer directions, which is obvious in the 0° orientation. In the 45° orientation, the printing layers are in an oblique direction instead of parallel, which may also explain the increased fracture load [ 38 , 40 ]. This finding is in agreement with previous studies [ 38 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

“…In the 45° orientation, the printing layers are in an oblique direction instead of parallel, which may also explain the increased fracture load [ 38 , 40 ]. This finding is in agreement with previous studies [ 38 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Turksayar et al [ 38 ] reported the highest fracture strength in the 0° orientation (1094.80 N), which is close to the 30 min groups with all printing orientations.…”

“…The indenter was attached to a 5 kN load cell, and each specimen was then loaded to failure at a loading rate of 1 m/min [ 20 ]. The fracture pattern and position were assessed by two evaluators who determined the site of fracture (at connector, pontic, or crown) as well as the direction of fracture (vertical or horizontal, segmental/layered, or multiple fractures) [ 14 , 35 , 38 ]. The specimens fractured in five different modes, which were classified according to the shape and position of the fracture site: (I) crown or chipped or fractured into small pieces, (II) connector fracture, (III) pontic fracture, and (IV) layering fracture.…”

Influence of print orientation and wet-dry storage time on the intaglio accuracy of additively manufactured occlusal devices

“…have been reported to be affected by the AM technology, printer, and material used, 7,8 printing parameters (layer thickness, [9][10][11] print orientation, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] position in the build platform), 27 and postprocessing methods. 7,27,29 The effect of other factors on the manufacturing accuracy and mechanical properties of AM dental devices, including the composition of the printed biocompatible material, optimal manufacturing protocol based on the AM technology, printer and material used, mechanical properties, and clinical performance of vat-polymerized AM occlusal devices, is still unclear.…”

“…7,27,29 The effect of other factors on the manufacturing accuracy and mechanical properties of AM dental devices, including the composition of the printed biocompatible material, optimal manufacturing protocol based on the AM technology, printer and material used, mechanical properties, and clinical performance of vat-polymerized AM occlusal devices, is still unclear. 6,7 Studies on the influence of print orientation on the manufacturing accuracy of casts, 15,20 interim dental restorations, 13,18,20,26 castable patterns, 17 complete dentures, 14,16 silicone indices, 19 and surgical guides are sparse. 12,21,27 Additionally, print orientation could also affect surface roughness, 20,22 fit, 17,23,26 mechanical properties, 18,25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] printing time, 21 and material consumption.…”