Effect of prior austenite grain size on the abrasive wear resistance of ultra-high strength martensitic steels

Haiko, Oskari; Javaheri, Vahid; Valtonen, Kati; Kaijalainen, Antti; Hannula, Jaakko; Kömi, Jukka

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2020.203336

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…According to [ 36 ], for Hardox 450 steel, the resistance to wear decreased with an increase in the austenization temperature prior to hardening to 1200 °C and the austenite grain size growth to 40 µm. Furthermore, according to [ 37 ], steel with a hardness of 500 HBW exhibited lower wear indices where its microstructure comprised equiaxial grains with a size of 14 µm. Similar conclusions were also reached in other studies [ 14 , 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Wear Properties of Hardox Steels in Different Soil Conditions

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the results of wear tests of three types of commercial abrasion-resistant steels. The samples, cut from commercially available sheets of metal, were subjected to wear tests to a total friction path of 20,000 m. The tests were provided using the “rotating bowl” method in three types of natural soil masses. The soil moisture and test parameters were kept constant. The tests were carried out in six replications for each material. The testing results indicate that hardness does not determine the resistance to abrasive wear, which is supported by the weight loss results for particular materials. Hardox 600 steel, which is not characterized by the highest hardness, exhibited the lowest weight loss value compared to the other materials in all test soils. For the light soil, the weight loss for Hardox 600 was approx. 1.3 times lower than for Hardox 500 steel and approx. 1.6 times higher than for Hardox Extreme steel. With regards to the medium and heavy soil, the weight losses for Hardox 600 in relation to Hardox 500 steel were approx. 1.7 and 1.6 times lower, respectively, while in relation to Hardox Extreme steel the weight losses were 1.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Wear Properties of Hardox Steels in Different Soil Conditions

et al. 2022

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“…The wear coefficients were analyzed in each case, resulting in a map to describe the combined influence of granulometric distributions of abrasive particles and ball material on the wear coefficient [328]. On the other hand, abrasive wear resistances of low carbon steels [329], martensitic steels [330,331], 42CrMo4 journal bearing steel with a AlSn20Cu liner [332], and Ni-Cr-B-Si coating [333] by hard abrasives of gravel (size 2-10 mm), abrasive paper, natural granite abrasives, Al 2 O 3 powders, and sand/rubber wheel were evaluated respectively.…”

Section: Abrasive Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021

Meng

et al. 2022

Friction

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Around 1,000 peer-reviewed papers were selected from 3,450 articles published during 2020–2021, and reviewed as the representative advances in tribology research worldwide. The survey highlights the development in lubrication, wear and surface engineering, biotribology, high temperature tribology, and computational tribology, providing a show window of the achievements of recent fundamental and application researches in the field of tribology.

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“…Controlling the austenite grain size is also used for improving other properties, e.g., refining the austenite grain size for enhancing the abrasive wear resistance of ultra-high strength martensitic steels (Haiko et al, 2020), improving the temper embrittlement resistance of Cr-Mo steels (Khan and Islam, 2007;Karthikeyan et al, 2017) or increasing amount and stability of retained austenite in an austempered low-carbon bainitic steel to achieve high-strength/high-toughness combinations (Lan et al, 2017), amongst others. During multi-pass welding of linepipe steels, the size of martensite-austenite constituents in the heat affected zone (HAZ) can be reduced and the HAZ toughness improved by controlling the maximum austenite grain size (Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient reconstruction of prior austenite grains in steel from etched light optical micrographs using deep learning and annotations from correlative microscopy

Bachmann

Müller²,

Britz³

et al. 2022

Front. Mater.

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The high-temperature austenite phase is the initial state of practically all technologically relevant hot forming and heat treatment operations in steel processing. The phenomena occurring in austenite, such as recrystallization or grain growth, can have a decisive influence on the subsequent properties of the material. After the hot forming or heat treatment process, however, the austenite transforms into other microstructural constituents and information on the prior austenite morphology are no longer directly accessible. There are established methods available for reconstructing former austenite grain boundaries via metallographic etching or electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) which both exhibit shortcomings. While etching is often difficult to reproduce and strongly depend on the investigated steel’s alloying concept, EBSD acquisition and reconstruction is rather time-consuming. But in fact, though, light optical micrographs of steels contrasted with conventional Nital etchant also contain information about the former austenite grains. However, relevant features are not directly apparent or accessible with conventional segmentation approaches. This work presents a deep learning (DL) segmentation of prior austenite grains (PAG) from Nital etched light optical micrographs. The basis for successful segmentation is a correlative characterization from EBSD, light and scanning electron microscopy to specify the ground truth required for supervised learning. The DL model shows good and robust segmentation results. While the intersection over union of 70% does not fully reflect the model performance due to the inherent uncertainty in PAG estimation, a mean error of 6.1% in mean grain size derived from the segmentation clearly shows the high quality of the result.

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Effect of prior austenite grain size on the abrasive wear resistance of ultra-high strength martensitic steels

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Analysis of Wear Properties of Hardox Steels in Different Soil Conditions

Analysis of Wear Properties of Hardox Steels in Different Soil Conditions

A review of advances in tribology in 2020–2021

Efficient reconstruction of prior austenite grains in steel from etched light optical micrographs using deep learning and annotations from correlative microscopy

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