Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives

Badgeley, Aja; Anwar, Hina; Modi, Karan; Murphy, Paige; Lakshmikuttyamma, Ashakumary

doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188494

Cited by 125 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…L.acidophilus was also proved to be beneficial against the radiation-induced mucosal injury of intestine in rats (Ki et al, 2014). Moreover, probiotics supplements containing Bifidobacterium reduce chemotherapy-induced mucositis and radiation-induced diarrhea (Badgeley et al, 2021). The double strain probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC-361 and Bifidobacterium longum BB-536) may reduce radiation induced diarrhea at the end of the treatment of patients with pelvic cancer (Demers et al, 2014).…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Gut microbiota is regarded as the second human genome and forgotten organ, which is symbiotic with the human host and cannot live and exist alone. The gut microbiota performs multiple physiological functions and plays a pivotal role in host health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the gut microbiota can always be affected by various factors and among them, it is radiotherapy that results in gut microbiota 12dysbiosis and it is often embodied in a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, thereby affecting many disease states, especially intestine diseases. Furthermore, gut microbiota can produce a variety of metabolites, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the most abundant and important metabolites. More importantly, SCFAs can be identified as second messengers to promote signal transduction and affect the occurrence and development of diseases. Radiotherapy can lead to the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and cause changes in SCFAs, which is associated with a variety of diseases such as radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism of its occurrence is not yet clear. Therefore, this review intends to emphasize the alterations of gut microbiota after radiotherapy and highlight the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs to explore the mechanisms of radiation-induced intestinal injury from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs.

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Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Among them, obligate anaerobic bacteria accounted for more than 99% of the dominant microbiota in the intestine, mainly including spirillum , peptostreptococcus , and Bacteroides . Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria are common probiotics, which have been proven to improve the intestinal environment and have a good effect on metabolism, immunity, and neural response [ 14 ]. Neutral bacteria are conditional pathogenic bacteria, mainly facultative aerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Tumor Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was speculated that the intestinal microbiota enhanced the effect of immunotherapy by enhancing host memory T cells and natural killer cell signals [ 58 ]. The identification and functional research of these “beneficial bacteria” may be beneficial to the development of immune synergists, which are used as auxiliary intervention measures for tumor treatment [ 14 ]. For example, supplementation of Bifidobacterium strains can be used as a strategy to improve the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of CRC [ 16 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of Bifidobacterium can reduce the development of colitis caused by ipilimumab therapy. The mechanism may be that the Bifidobacterium species can reduce the adverse effects of immunotherapy by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines [ 14 ]. Tanoue et al isolated 11 rare strains from the feces of healthy people and cocolonized them in the intestinal tract of mice.…”

Section: Intestinal Microbiota and Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

Bai

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Tumor immunotherapy is the fourth therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of some epithelial tumors and hematological tumors. However, its adverse reactions are common or even more serious, and the response rate in some solid tumors is not satisfactory. With the maturity of genomics and metabolomics technologies, the effect of intestinal microbiota in tumor development and treatment has gradually been recognized. The microbiota may affect tumor immunity by regulating the host immune system and tumor microenvironment. Some bacteria help fight tumors by activating immunity, while some bacteria mediate immunosuppression to help cancer cells escape from the immune system. More and more studies have revealed that the effects and complications of tumor immunotherapy are related to the composition of the gut microbiota. The composition of the intestinal microbiota that is sensitive to treatment or prone to adverse reactions has certain characteristics. These characteristics may be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of immunotherapy and may also be developed as “immune potentiators” to assist immunotherapy. Some clinical and preclinical studies have proved that microbial intervention, including microbial transplantation, can improve the sensitivity of immunotherapy or reduce adverse reactions to a certain extent. With the development of gene editing technology and nanotechnology, the design and development of engineered bacteria that contribute to immunotherapy has become a new research hotspot. Based on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and immunotherapy, the correct mining of microbial information and the development of reasonable and feasible microbial intervention methods are expected to optimize tumor immunotherapy to a large extent and bring new breakthroughs in tumor treatment.

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“…Primarily, probiotics are widely used in the food industry as feed additives to maintain the balance of animal gut microbiota [ 4 ]. Lactobacillus species are the most common probiotic agents [ 5 ]. Lactobacillus feeding has been proposed to improve growth performance, gut microbiota modulation, and immune response; however, these beneficial effects are strain-dependent [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Probiotic Lactobacillus Supplementation Improves Liver Function and Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Jeju Native Pigs

Kim

Min

Yang

et al. 2021

Animals

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We evaluated the dietary effects of multiple probiotics in Jeju native pigs, using basal diet and multi-probiotic Lactobacillus (basal diet with 1% multi-probiotics) treatments (n = 9 each) for 3 months. We analyzed growth performance, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, blood parameters, hematological profiles, adipokines, and immune-related cytokines in pig tissues. Average daily gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, backfat thickness, and body weight were not significantly different between both groups. In Lactobacillus group, total protein (p < 0.08) and bilirubin (p < 0.03) concentrations increased; blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.08), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.08), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (p < 0.08) activities decreased. Lactobacillus group showed decreased adiponectin (p < 0.05), chemerin (p < 0.05), and visfatin expression in adipose tissues, and increased TLR4 (p < 0.05), MYD88 (p < 0.05), TNF-α (p < 0.001), and IFN-γ (p < 0.001) expression in the liver. Additionally, NOD1 (p < 0.05), NOD2 (p < 0.01), and MYD88 (p < 0.05) mRNA levels in proximal colon tissue upregulated significantly. Colon, longissimus dorsi muscle, fat tissue, and liver histological analyses revealed no significant differences between the groups. Conclusively, Lactobacillus supplementation improved liver function and reduced cholesterol levels. Its application may treat metabolic liver disorders, especially cholesterol-related disorders.

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Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives

Cited by 125 publications

References 148 publications

Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Tumor Immunotherapy

Multi-Probiotic Lactobacillus Supplementation Improves Liver Function and Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Jeju Native Pigs

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