Effect of probiotics in prevention of atopic dermatitis is dependent on the intrinsic microbiota at early infancy

Avershina, Ekaterina; Rubio, Raul Cabrera; Lundgård, Krister; Pérez-Martı́nez, Gaspar; Collado, María Carmen; Storrø, Ola; Øien, Torbjørn; Dotterud, Christian Kvikne; Johnsen, Roar; Rudi, Knut

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.056

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similarly, children born to mothers receiving probiotic supplementation during pregnancy, compared with control, showed a 40% reduction in atopic dermatitis. More interestingly, atopic children within the treatment group had significantly higher levels of Bifidobacterium dentium compared with healthy children, as early as 10 d, indicating a differential outcome based on early colonizers of the gut (131). This is consistent with the hypothesis that mothers pass microbes on to their children in the womb (132) and the transmission of maternal microbes may be modifiable (133,134).…”

Section: Maternal Environment and The Infant Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 77%

The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero?

et al. 2017

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The colonization of the gut with microbes in early life is critical to the developing newborn immune system, metabolic function and potentially future health. Maternal microbes are transmitted to offspring during childbirth, representing a key step in the colonization of the infant gut. Studies of infant meconium suggest that bacteria are present in the fetal gut prior to birth, meaning that colonization could occur prenatally. Animal studies have shown that prenatal transmission of microbes to the fetus is possible and physiological changes observed in pregnant mothers indicate that in utero transfer is likely in humans as well. However, direct evidence of in utero transfer of bacteria in humans is lacking. Understanding the timing and mechanisms involved in the first colonization of the human gut is critical to a comprehensive understanding of the early life gut microbiome. This review will discuss the evidence supporting in utero transmission of microbes from mother to infants. We also review sources of transferred bacteria, physiological mechanisms of transfer and modifiers of maternal microbiomes and their potential role in early life infant health. Well-designed longitudinal birth studies that account for established modifiers of the gut microbiome are challenging, but will be necessary to confirm in utero transfer and further our knowledge of the prenatal microbiome.

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Section: Maternal Environment and The Infant Microbiomesupporting

confidence: 77%

The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero?

et al. 2017

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“…A factor that may contribute to this lack of coherent results is differences in the composition and function of gut microbiota. This has been illustrated for probiotic application by our recent study showing that the effect of probiotics on prevention of atopic dermatitis is associated with the intrinsic microbiota in early infancy [108]. …”

Section: Personalized Use Of Probiotics and Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Umu

Rudi

Diep

2017

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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101

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The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.

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“…As some children with AD had high levels of Th22 despite being in the probiotic group, one can speculate whether the preventive effect of probiotics was restricted to specific populations. Our group has recently reported that the effect of probiotics in the prevention of AD can be dependent on the intrinsic microbiota . High levels of Bifidobacterium dentium were associated with lack of the probiotic effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reduced Th22 cell proportion and prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants following maternal probiotic supplementation

Rø

Simpson

Rø

et al. 2017

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Summary Background In the randomized, controlled study Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (ProPACT), maternal probiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the offspring. In the current study, we hypothesized that the effect was mediated by a shift in the T helper (Th) cells in the children. Objective To examine whether Th cell proportions were affected by maternal probiotic supplementation and thus could mediate the preventive effect of probiotics on AD. Methods A total of 415 pregnant women were randomized to ingest a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb‐12 (Bb‐12) and Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 (La‐5) or placebo, and their offspring were assessed for AD during the first 2 years of life. Peripheral blood collected at 3 months of age was analysed for regulatory T cells (n=140) and Th subsets (n=77) including Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17 and Th22. Results The proportion of Th22 cells was reduced in children in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (median 0.038% vs 0.064%, P=.009). The difference between the probiotic and placebo groups was also observed in the children who did not develop AD during the 2‐year follow‐up. The proportion of Th22 cells was increased in children who developed AD compared to the children who did not develop AD (0.090% vs 0.044%, P<.001). Mediation analysis indicated that the preventive effect of probiotics was partially mediated through the reduction in Th22 cells. Conclusion Perinatal maternal probiotic supplementation with a combination of LGG, Bb‐12 and La‐5 reduced the proportion of Th22 cells in 3‐month‐old children. This may partially explain the preventive effect of probiotics on AD.

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Effect of probiotics in prevention of atopic dermatitis is dependent on the intrinsic microbiota at early infancy

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero?

The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero?

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Reduced Th22 cell proportion and prevention of atopic dermatitis in infants following maternal probiotic supplementation

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