Effect of Probiotics on Blood Pressure

Abstract

Abstract-Previous human clinical trials have shown that probiotic consumption may improve blood pressure (BP) control.The aim of the present systematic review was to clarify the effects of probiotics on BP using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library (Central), Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Clinicaltrial.gov databases were searched until January 2014 to identify eligible articles. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. Nine trials were included. Probiotic consumption significantly changed systolic BP by −3.56 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −6.46 to −0.66) and diastolic BP by −2.38 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −2.38 to −0.93) compared with control groups. A greater reduction was found with multiple as compared with single species of probiotics, for both systolic and diastolic BP. Subgroup analysis of trials with baseline BP ≥130/85 mm Hg compared with <130/85 mm Hg found a more significant improvement in diastolic BP. Duration of intervention <8 weeks did not result in a significant reduction in systolic or diastolic BP. Furthermore, subgroup analysis of trials with daily dose of probiotics <10 11 colony-forming units did not result in a significant meta-analysis effect. The present meta-analysis suggests that consuming probiotics may improve BP by a modest degree, with a potentially greater effect when baseline BP is elevated, multiple species of probiotics are consumed, the duration of intervention is ≥8 weeks, or daily consumption dose is ≥10 The online-only Data Supplement is available with this article at http://hyper.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl

Hypertension as an autoimmune and inflammatory disease

“…58,59 A recent meta-analysis in humans showed that probiotic consumption modestly decreased both systolic BP and diastolic BP, with a greater effect when at least 10 11 colony-forming units are consumed for at least 8 weeks and if multiple species of probiotics are consumed. 60 One mechanism relating gut microbiota to hypertension is an increased level of toxic metabolites, including P-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, which are known by-products of protein fermentation by the gut microbiota. 61,62 In addition, the production of short-chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota can affect blood pressure by interaction with renal sensory nerves and an increase in renin secretion.…”

The Self-reported Use of Probiotics is Associated with Better Glycaemic Control and Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Type 1 Diabetes

“…The effect of probiotics on blood pressure has also been investigated, and according to a meta-analysis of such randomized controlled trials, probiotics-intervention significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adult subjects with or without hypertension [19]. Importantly, interventions of a duration of at least 8 weeks were required for the observed effects.…”

“…Also, those with higher blood pressure at baseline, seemed to benefit the most from the intervention, and the blood pressure-reducing effects were more evident in trials using multiple species of probiotics, as opposed to single species. Probiotics may affect blood pressure via various proposed mechanisms [19]. Gut microbiota-derived SCFAs may take part in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system, or the probiotics may increase the absorption of nutrients and phytoestrogens with vasodilatory effects.…”

“…These health benefits have been investigated in various populations. For example, in a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials among adults with or without hypertension, probiotic interventions were observed to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure [19]. In another meta-analysis of individuals with high, borderline high, and normal cholesterol levels, reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, following probiotics-intervention, was reported [20].…”

Linex forte in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases

“…Начиная с 80-х годов прошлого века только в журналах, входящих в базу данных Национальной би-блиотеки США Pubmed, опубликовано более 15 тыс. посвящен-ных препаратам этой группы статей, в которых обосновывается применение пробиотиков для терапии и профилактики аллерги-ческих [2,3], метаболических и сердечно-сосудистых заболева-ний [4][5][6], инфекций [7][8][9], кариеса [10], рака [11,12] и даже психических расстройств [13] у пациентов разного возраста, включая недоношенных новорожденных и гериатрических паци-ентов. Однако наибольшее количество доказательных данных об эффективности и безопасности пробиотиков накоплено при их применении для профилактики и лечения заболеваний желудоч-но-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) [14,15].…”