Effect of probiotics on olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar albino rats

Abstract

Purpose: Olanzapine is the most viable second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) used in the treatment of schizophrenia and at the same time, it is the most notorious SGA to cause metabolic syndrome (MS). The target of this study is to assess the adequacy of probiotics in fighting the unfriendly impacts of olanzapine treatment such as weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia in the olanzapine-induced MS model in rodents. Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rodents were haphazardly separated into six groups (n=6). The groups were treated for a month as follows: Group-I: Normal saline 1 ml/kg/day orally, Group-II: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p., Group-III: probiotic-VSL#3: 0.6 g/kg/day orally, Group-IV: VSL#3: 1.2 g/kg/day orally, Group-V: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p. + VSL#3: 0.6 g/kg/day orally, and Group-VI: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p. + VSL#3: 1.2 g/kg/day orally. Bodyweight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profile was assessed at baseline and consequently at the end of each week. Data were analyzed by applying repeated measures ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a noteworthy increment in the total cholesterol and triglycerides level after olanzapine treatment (P<0.01), and similarly a decline in the total cholesterol and triglycerides level in the probiotic treated groups (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in weight increase and FBG levels instigated by olanzapine in the probiotic-treated groups. Conclusion: Probiotics forestalled the advancement of hyperlipidemia and decreased the weight addition and increment in FBG levels initiated by olanzapine. A long-haul evaluation should be directed to additionally assess the impact of probiotics on MS and their plausible mechanism.

Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review

“…Specifically, VSL#3 reversed olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations (increased body weight, fasting glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreased HDL levels) in Wistar rats. 48 VSL#3 treatment restored olanzapine-induced GMB disarrangement (decreased Bacteroidetes , Akkermansia muciniphila , Enterobacteriaceae , and increased Firmicutes ). VSL#3 also restored the olanzapine-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory aberrations in mice.…”

“…The present review includes five preclinical studies investigating the preventive role of prebiotic/probiotic formulations against AP-induced gut dysbiosis, metabolic alterations, and dysregulated expression of different neurotransmitter receptors in rodents. 43 , 48 – 50 Two studies reported protective effects of the probiotic formulation VSL#3 (a freeze-dried mixture of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus ) in rats 48 and in mice 50 treated with olanzapine. Specifically, VSL#3 reversed olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations (increased body weight, fasting glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and decreased HDL levels) in Wistar rats.…”

“… 43 , 44 Considering the potential role of GMB in the pathogenesis of SCZ and AIMA, several prebiotics and probiotics have been examined to improve disease symptoms 45 , 46 and adverse metabolic effects associated with APs. 47 – 50 The present scoping review synthesizes current clinical and preclinical evidence examining the role of the GMB in SCZ and AIMA, including the use of prebiotic/probiotic formulations as a therapeutic adjunct. Improved understanding of the links between GMB, SCZ, and AIMA and the therapeutic potential of prebiotic/probiotic formulations can provide further insight into the complex pathology of SCZ and holds important implications for improving metabolic outcomes in these patients.…”