Effect of process conditions on the gel viscosity and gel strength of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) produced from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)

Bono, Awang; Anisuzzaman, S. M.; Ding, Ong Wan

doi:10.1016/j.jksues.2012.06.001

Cited by 68 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The gel strength values were higher compared to the one reported previously which ranged from 3 to 112 g/cm 2 [15]. However, carrageenan gel strength in this study was lower compared to the carrageen quality standard set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) which lies in the range of 900 and 1200 g/cm 2 [16,17] as well as from the values reported by Basmal et al [18] which lie in the range of 1029-1243 g/cm 2 .…”

Section: Carrageenan Yield and Gel Strengthcontrasting

confidence: 76%

PRODUCTION OF CARRAGEENAN BY DIFFERENT STRAINS OF Kappaphycus alvarezii CULTIVATED IN SERANG, INDONESIA

Zakaria¹,

Rahman²,

Rahmani³

et al. 2019

IIUMEJ

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Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the main seaweeds cultivated in Indonesia. Its use as a raw material for the kappa-carrageenan industry has increased its cultivation activities. However, standard cultivation protocol for Kappaphycus alvarezii has yet to be well-documented, particularly on strain selection for kappa-carrageenan production. There are various strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii grown in Indonesia, specifically in Serang, Banten such as green, red, and yellowish green strains. In this study, growth rate, carrageenan yield, and gel strength from different strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii were investigated. It was observed that the specific growth rate of green type (4.14% /day) differed significantly from the other two types (red; 3.41% /day and yellowish green; 3.47% /day). The red type had the highest yield of carrageenan (45.16%) followed by yellowish green (36.66%) and green strain (33.67%). Gel strength was not significantly affected by the strain variations where the observed values for yellowish green, green, and red strain were 344.46, 316.91 and 313.10 g/cm2, respectively. Green Kappaphycus alvarezii had the highest biomass (0.27 g/cm/d) and carrageenan productivity (0.012 g/cm/d). It can be concluded that the green strain of Kappaphycus alvarezii is the most suitable for cultivation in Serang, particularly for the kappa-carrageenan industry. ABSTRAK: Kappaphycus alvarezii adalah sebahagian daripada rumpai air yang dituai di Indonesia. Penggunaannya sebagai bahan dasar kepada industri kappa-carrageenan telah menambah kepada aktiviti penuaian. Walau bagaimanapun, protokol penuaian biasa bagi Kappaphycus alvarezii adalah tertakluk pada dokumentasi penuh terutama dalam pemilihan strain pada penghasilan kappa-carrageenan. Terdapat pelbagai jenis strain Kappaphycus alvarezii yang tumbuh di Indonesia, terutama di Serang, Banten seperti hijau, merah, dan strain hijau kekuningan. Kajian ini, kadar pertumbuhan, hasil karaginan dan kekuatan gel daripada pelbagai strain Kappaphycus alvarezii telah dikaji. Didapati bahawa kadar pertumbuhan tertentu pada jenis hijau (4.14% /hari) berbeza ketara berbanding dari dua jenis lain (merah; 3.41% /hari dan hijau kekuningan; 3.47% /hari). Jenis merah mempunyai hasil karaginan tertinggi (45.16%) diikuti oleh hijau kekuningan (36.66%) dan strain hijau (33.67%). Kekuatan gel adalah tidak ketara mempengaruhi kepelbagaian variasi di mana nilai yang dipantau pada strain hijau kekuningan, hijau dan merah adalah 344.46, 316.91 dan 313.10 g/cm2, masing-masing. Kappaphycus alvarezii hijau mempunyai biojisim tertinggi (0.27 g/cm/d) dan penghasilan karaginan (0.012 g/cm/d). Kesimpulannya strain hijau Kappaphycus alvarezii adalah lebih sesuai untuk disemai di Serang terutamanya pada industri kappa-karaginan.

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Section: Carrageenan Yield and Gel Strengthcontrasting

confidence: 76%

PRODUCTION OF CARRAGEENAN BY DIFFERENT STRAINS OF Kappaphycus alvarezii CULTIVATED IN SERANG, INDONESIA

Zakaria¹,

Rahman²,

Rahmani³

et al. 2019

IIUMEJ

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“…Sundried seaweed was washed thoroughly with distilled water for two reasons; to remove contaminants and to standardize the moisture content of the seaweed. Wet seaweed was then dried in oven at 60 0 C for 15-16 hours to remove the excess moisture [7], [16].…”

Section: A Preparation Of Raw Seaweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6-sulfate may also eliminate in some extraction process. Basket of seaweed immersed and cooked in alkali solution and then soaked with fresh water to naturalized most of the residual alkali [7]. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Euchema cottoni) is used in this process because it contains mainly kappa (k) carrageenan and this is the carrageenan that forms a gel with potassium salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decolorization of Low Molecular Compounds of Seaweed by Using Activated Carbon

Anisuzzaman¹,

Bono²,

Krishnaiah³

et al. 2014

IJCEA

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Abstract-Commercially available carrageenan powder which is extracted from seaweed possesses yellowish color and off-odor that deter their usage in human food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The objective of this study was to investigate of decolorization of low molecular compounds of seaweed using activated carbon (AC). The effects of changes on AC dosage, temperature and contact time were investigated. The effect of color concentration was analysed using Hunter Laboratories ColorFlex® Colorimeter. Colors were measured in reflectance mode using the Hunter L a b system, with D65 as the illuminant and a 10º standard observer angle. It was observed that an increase in activated carbon dosage decreases color. UV VIS Spectrophotometer was used to investigate whether adsorbed sample gives an effect to the molecular compounds before and after AC addition. In conclusion, the treatment using AC gives complete decolorization of carrageenan solution. This study also confirms contact time not really affected on bleaching process.Index Terms-Seaweed, carrageenan, semi refined carrageenan, adsorption, activated carbon.

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“…The RSM is an essential optimization tool that has been widely applied in a wide range of fields such as transesterification [14], [15], solvent extraction, [16], [17]adsorption, [18], [19] Fenton process, [20] drying operations,carrageenan production, [22] synthesis andprocessing [23]- [25]etc.To the best of our knowledge, RSM is considered suitable for acid-base titrations,which will be discussed here. This study, therefore, focused on the determination of optimum conditins of the acid-base titration conditions, developmentof a statistical, computational model for the prediction of the titre values, validation of the developed model and finally, the determination of the strength and limitations of the developed model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing A New Empirical-Computational Method, for Accurate Acid- Base Quantitative Analysis

Uthman¹,

Akinola²,

Usman³

et al. 2019

Tikrit j. eng. sci.

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The mole ratio of an acid base reaction is one of the important values to state the stoichiometric relationship between acids and bases. However, solving acid-base problems based on stoichiometry is still challenging for new chemists.This issue renders the use of a model for predicting the volume of the acid used an exciting endeavour in academia. This work was to study the individual and interactive effects of the titration parameters such as acid concentration, base concentration and the number of the indicator drops on the volume of acid used in the titration process, using methyl orange as an indicator.We also aimed to study the central composite design (CCD) model of response surface methodology (RSM) for experimental design and modelling of the process. The experimental data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. The regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9751 and model F-value of 43.37. The response surface and contour plots were generated from RSM tool for the interactive effects of the studied parameters on the volume of acid used. The developed model was further validated using existing acid-base titration problems from the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) past questions over 30 years. All observations indicated that the developed model was only valid for a monobasic acid.

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Effect of process conditions on the gel viscosity and gel strength of semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) produced from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)

Cited by 68 publications

References 14 publications

PRODUCTION OF CARRAGEENAN BY DIFFERENT STRAINS OF Kappaphycus alvarezii CULTIVATED IN SERANG, INDONESIA

PRODUCTION OF CARRAGEENAN BY DIFFERENT STRAINS OF Kappaphycus alvarezii CULTIVATED IN SERANG, INDONESIA

Decolorization of Low Molecular Compounds of Seaweed by Using Activated Carbon

Developing A New Empirical-Computational Method, for Accurate Acid- Base Quantitative Analysis

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