Effect of Process Variables on the Microencapsulation of Vitamin A Palmitate by Gelatin-Acacia Coacervation

Abstract

Microcapsules of vitamin A palmitate were prepared by gelatin-acacia complex coacervation. The effects of colloid mixing ratio, core-to-wall ratio, hardening agent, concentration of core solution, and drying method on the coacervation process and the properties of the microcapsules were investigated. The microcapsules of vitamin A palmitate were prepared using different weight ratios of gelatin and acacia, that is, 2:3, 1:1, and 3:2 under controlled conditions. The other factors studied were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 core-to-wall ratios; 30, 60, and 120 min of hardening time; 2, 5, and 10 ml of formaldehyde per 280 g of coacervation system as a hardening agent; and 30%, 40%, and 50% w/w vitamin A palmitate in corn oil as a core material. The drying methods used were air drying, hot air at 40 degrees C, and freeze-drying. The results showed that spherical microcapsules were obtainedfor all conditions except for 30 min of hardening time, which did not result in microcapsules. The optimum conditions for free-flowing microcapsules with a high percentage of entrapped drug were 1:1 gelatin-to-acacia ratio and 1:2 core-to-wall ratio when hardening with 2 ml formaldehyde for 60 min and using 40% w/w vitamin A palmitate in corn oil as the core concentration. In addition, drying the microcapsules by freeze-drying provided microcapsules with excellent appearance.

Microencapsulation by Spray Drying of Vitamin A Palmitate from Oil to Powder and Its Application in Topical Delivery System

“…The obtained solutions were measured for its absorbance (in triplicate) using ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1650, Tokyo, Japan) at 325 nm using isopropanol as solvent. The amounts of drug content were calculated by comparing the measured absorbance values with those in the standard curve [23].…”

Microencapsulation of oil droplets using cold water fish gelatine/gum arabic complex coacervation by membrane emulsification

“…The most classical example of complex coacervation is the gelatine/gum arabic (GE/GA) system in which GE and GA are used as positive and negative polyelectrolyte, respectively (Lemetter et al, 2009). The system has been successfully used for different applications such as the production of carbonless paper (Green & Schleicher, 1956), the encapsulation of flavour compounds (Leclercq et al, 2008;Soper, 1997;Wampler, et al, 1998;Yeo et al, 2005) and lipophilic drugs (Jizomoto et al, 1993;Junyaprasert et al, 2001). Gelatin can be obtained from pig skin, bovine hide, pork and cattle bones, and marine…”

A new way of valorizing biomaterials: The use of sunflower protein for α-tocopherol microencapsulation

“…Vegetable protein hydrolyzates from soybean, pumpkin, sunflower, chickpea and rapeseed have shown various interesting solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties compared to the native proteins (Chabanon, Chevalot, Framboisier, Chenu, & Marc, 2007;Lamsal, Jung, & Johnson, 2007;Martinez, Baezaa, Millan, & Pilosof, 2005;Patino et al, 2007;Vastag, Popovic, Popovic, Krimer, & Pericin, 2010;Yust, Pedroche, Millan-Linares, Alcaide-Hidalgo, & Millan, 2010). The production of hydrolyzed proteins by sequential action of exoprotease is considered an effective way of obtaining protein with defined characteristics (Kong, Guo, Cao, & Zhang, 2008), and alcalase is an endopeptidase used for production of proteins with improved functional and nutritional properties (Junyaprasert, Mitrevej, Sinchaipanid, Broome, & Wurster, 2001).…”