Effect of processing conditions on the structural morphology of PP–EP/EVA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites

Ramı́rez-Vargas, E.; Valera-Zaragoza, M.; Sánchez-Valdés, S.; Hernández-Valdez, J. S.; Ibarra-Castillo, F. F.

doi:10.1007/s00289-008-0015-x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the first step, EVA and clay were mixed in a ratio 90:10 at 150°C at 100 r.p.m. In the second step PP‐EP/(EVA/clay), nanocomposites were obtained at 190°C, according to the procedure reported previously . All nanocomposites obtained were prepared with 60:40 ratio in PP‐EP/EVA and final clay concentration of 3.8 wt%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethylene groups in both polymers let better interfacial interactions and so on, more stable morphologies . Different studies have been done about the ternary nanocomposite PP‐EP/EVA/organoclay system obtained by melt mixing without the use of compatibilizers; in these studies, it has been reported an increase in different properties such as modulus, flammability, barrier, and so forth .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of organoclay structure characteristics on properties of ternary PP‐EP/EVA/nanoclay blend systems

et al. 2014

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In this study, the effect on the degree of organoclay exfoliation in polypropylene‐ethylene (PP‐EP)/Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/organoclay blend system was studied while varying organoclay structural characteristics. Cloisite 6A, Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 20A, Cloisite 25A, Cloisite 30B, Cloisite 93A, and Cloisite 10A were used because they have different type of modifier. Ternary PP‐EP/EVA/organoclay system was obtained with each type of clay and results were organized to analyze the effect of type of clay chemical modification (C20A, C15A, and C6A), steric effect caused by surfactant structure (C15A and C10A), length of substitute groups on the surfactant (C20 and C25A), and surfactant polarity (C30B and C93A). Samples were characterized by: wide angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, and capillary rheometry. Results showed that clay galleries can be saturated with chemical modifier complicating the polymer chain intercalation into the clay galleries. Some clay modifier substituent groups could cause certain steric effect promoting less exfoliated platelets structures. Finally, longer chains in the modifier substituent group can promote a better intercalated–exfoliated structure. Among all the studied organoclays, best results were obtained in the ternary system when using C20A, which modifier has two hydrogenated tallows. In this case, interlayer spacing was increased more noticeable after ternary system was formed. This was corroborated with the obtained increase in viscosity and the intercalated–exfoliated structure observed by STEM. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2241–2250, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organoclay structure characteristics on properties of ternary PP‐EP/EVA/nanoclay blend systems

et al. 2014

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“…It was also proposed, that the domains size and form depends on the amount of interfacial interactions between the two polymers, affecting the glass transition temperature of both polymers . The morphology of these EVA domains was similar to the morphology of PP‐EP/EVA blends, where an organoclay was incorporated . However, despite strong interactions between the PP/PP‐ g ‐MA or PP‐EP polymers with EVA, the PP/PP‐ g ‐MA/EVA/clay and PP‐EP/EVA/clay composites have mainly shown intercalated structures, because the compatibility between thermoplastic and elastomeric phase is not high enough to increase the interaction of both phases with nanoclay sheets …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphology and chain mobility of reactive blend nanocomposites of PP‐EVA/Clay

Mata-Padilla

Medellín‐Rodríguez

Ávila‐Orta

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polypropylene (PP)‐ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/clay nanocomposites were prepared via reactive blending using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator with the goal of enhancing the interaction between both phases and modified nanoclay. The effect of the reactive blending and clay incorporation strategies (direct and masterbatch) on the blend and nanostructure morphology, and chain mobility of nanocomposites were studied. The chemical analysis showed the chemical bonding of PP‐EVA, which helped to enhance the interaction in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites obtained from the direct clay strategy presented a co‐continuous morphology of bordering intercalated and agglomerated nanoclay sheets, while the nanocomposites obtained from the masterbatch strategy showed that blend morphology change from droplet to co‐continuous with the increase of EVA concentration, with intercalated/exfoliated nanoclay sheets located in the EVA domains and at the interface. The dynamic mechanical and creep‐recovery results showed different behavior for the both strategies in terms of chain mobility and relaxation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40897.

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“…Considering that ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has been used as an impact modifier 4,5 of PP, and ethylene groups in polypropyleneethylene heterophasic copolymer (PP-EP) allows more stable morphologies 6,7 , the system PP-EP/EVA/clay has been studied in recent years. Valera et al 8 found that only in a certain range of of organoclay´s concentration is possible to achieve an intercalated-exfoliated structure, about the same ternary system Ramírez et al 9 revealed that organoclay´s intercalation is up to polar polymer-clay interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Organoclay’s characteristics during the preparation of complex ternary system PP-EP/EVA/Organoclay.

Yeraldin¹,

Eduardo²,

Saúl³

2012

MRS Proc.

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In this work, the effect of structural characteristics of organomodified clays on the dispersion degree, mechanical and rheological properties of the nanocomposites PP-EP/EVA/nanoclay has been studied. The studied effects were: degree of chemical modification of the clay, length of substitute groups on the surfactant, and the steric effect caused by surfactant structure. The characterization techniques used were Wide Angle Xray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Tensile Test and Capillary Rheometry. Cloisite 6A, 15A and 20A were used to evaluate the first effect. Better intercalation-exfoliation and mechanical properties were obtained when the clay with lower content of surfactant was used (C20A), these results were attributed to a higher saturation of the system. In order to study the second effect, Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 25A were employed. It was found that the bigger initial intergallery space between these nanoclay´s caused by the longer chains in Cloisite 20A, allows the formation of a structure with better intercalated-exfoliated structure. This was confirmed with the observed increase in mechanical properties. Finally, the third effect was studied with Cloisite 10A and 15A. It was clearly seen that only with Cloisite 15A was possible to obtain an intercalated-exfoliated structure. This was attributed to a major steric effect when using C10A than with 15A.

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Effect of processing conditions on the structural morphology of PP–EP/EVA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of organoclay structure characteristics on properties of ternary PP‐EP/EVA/nanoclay blend systems

Effect of organoclay structure characteristics on properties of ternary PP‐EP/EVA/nanoclay blend systems

Morphology and chain mobility of reactive blend nanocomposites of PP‐EVA/Clay

Effect of Organoclay’s characteristics during the preparation of complex ternary system PP-EP/EVA/Organoclay.

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