Effect of producer gas addition and air excess ratio on natural gas flame luminescence

Navakas, Robertas; Saliamonas, Andrius; Striūgas, Nerijus; Džiugys, Algis; Paulauskas, Rolandas; Zakarauskas, Kęstutis

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.094

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The radiation emitted by the radicals was captured by an ICCD camera Andor Istar DH734-18U-E3. A detailed description of the camera system is available elsewhere Table lists the ICCD camera settings and the interference filter parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Emission Measurements of Selected Alkali Radicals during the Combustion of a Single Biomass Pellet

et al. 2018

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Spontaneous emission intensities of Na*, Ca*, and K* during the combustion of single wood and straw pellets doped with known concentrations of Na, Ca, and K were measured using optical bandpass filters mounted on an intensified charge-coupled device camera. The impregnated biomass pellets were suspended in a natural gas flat flame at 750 and 1000 °C. Before the pellets were made, the biomass samples were washed and soaked to demineralize and doped with different concentrations of Na, Ca, and K (0.5, 2, and 5 wt %). During the experiments, the temperature at the center of the pellets was measured with a thermocouple and the combustion stages were identified with the help of the temperature derivative. The results reveal that, at the lower gas temperature, the emission of the selected alkalis is marginal, in agreement with previous studies. At the higher gas temperature, the emission profiles reveal that K and Na are released distinctively in the volatile combustion and char combustion stages. The presence of large amounts of silica and alumina may trap the alkalis in the solid phase, leading to a reduced emission of these species during the char combustion. Calcium does not evaporate at the tested temperature conditions, but the temperature is high enough to promote the decomposition of calcium oxalate in the outer layer of the pellet, leading to a flat emission profile during the combustion stages. Finally, the total integrated emission increased proportionally with the increase of the doping concentration for all species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Emission Measurements of Selected Alkali Radicals during the Combustion of a Single Biomass Pellet

et al. 2018

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“…Other researchers have found that the intensity of OH* and CH* signals declines as the cylinder pressure increases [63]. Secondly, and more importantly, the chemiluminescence intensity is known to depend on the corresponding reaction rates [74], and there is a strong correlation between the OH* intensity and the equivalence ratio [46,75]; the concentration of the excited radical is directly proportional to the intensity of its emissions [40]. Moreover, it has been stated that the chemiluminescent intensity of OH*, CH*, C 2 *, and CO 2 * in methane/air flames depend on the equivalence ratio [76] which explains why the amount of reactions and the reaction rates are decreasing.…”

Section: Combustion Emission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Melaika

Dahlander

2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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N atural gas, biogas, and biomethane are attractive fuels for compressed natural gas (CNG) engines because of their beneficial physical and chemical characteristics. This paper examines three combustion modes-homogeneous stoichiometric, homogeneous lean burn, and stratified combustion-in an optical single cylinder engine with a gas direct injection system operating with an injection pressure of 18 bar. The combustion process in each mode was characterized by indicated parameters, recording combustion images, and analysing combustion chemiluminescence emission spectra. Pure methane, which is the main component of CNG (up to 98%) or biomethane (> 98 %), was used as the fuel. Chemiluminescence emission spectrum analysis showed that OH* and CN* peaks appeared at their characteristic wavelengths in all three combustion modes. The peak of OH* and broadband CO 2 * intensities were strongly dependent on the air/fuel ratio conditions in the cylinder. Lower OH* and CO 2 * intensities were observed with lean air/fuel mixtures because under these conditions, more air was present, the combustion reactions were slower, and the cylinder pressure was higher. CN* was formed by the spark plasma and was detected over a particularly long period when using a dual coil ignition system. The intensities of the OH* and CN* signals correlated when using this ignition system. Combustion image analysis showed that the flame had a wrinkled boundary in stoichiometric and lean burn modes and was especially distorted in stratified mode. No yellow soot luminescence was observed during homogeneous combustion. However, the emission spectra and combustion images acquired during stratified combustion showed that soot formation occurred due to the presence of fuel-rich areas with inadequate mixing in the cylinder. The difficulty of maintaining stable fuel injection, achieving proper air/fuel mixing, and ensuring stable flame propagation in lean air/fuel mixtures increased cycle-to-cycle variations. However, the homogeneous lean burn and stratified combustion modes achieved significantly lower indicated specific fuel consumption values than stoichiometric combustion.

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“…Carbon dioxide can be reduced by a larger supply of O2. The carbon dioxide gas formed indicates that the chemical element of carbon in oil palm biomass can be oxidized properly [57,60]. The maximum CO2 emissions analyzed occurred when the composition compatibility between air and biomass at the air flow rate was 0.9375 m 3 /s for 1 kg of biomass.…”

Section: Emission Analysis On Fbcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air flow rates used in the experiment include 1.25, 0.625 and 0.9375 m 3 /s. The air flow rate supply is a parameter for analyzing combustion, emissions and reactions of chemical properties contained in oil palm biomass [59][60][61]. The combustion process in the machine requires excess water, however, the excess of water used must have certain limitations.…”

Section: Emission Analysis On Fbcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Oil-Palm Biomass in Fluidized-Bed: A Heat Energy Alternative

Hani

Mahidin

Husin

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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One of the technologies that can be used to meet energy needs is biomass combustion. In this study, the oil palm biomass fuels used were empty fruit bunches, oil palm fibers, oil palm midribs, and palm kernel shells. This research was carried out by a direct combustion method using a fluidized-bed combustor. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the reaction of kinetics and the mechanism of combustion of oilpalm biomass in fluidized-bed combustor. The characteristics observed in this test were the combustion temperature profile, flue-gas composition, and the composition of the ash-deposit chemical compound. The results of the experiments conducted showed that the best biomass combustion temperature profile was recorded at 2 kg biomass with an air flow rate of 0.9375 m 3 /s at 90.1%. The maximum temperature of biomass combustion recorded at biomass 3 kg with an air flow rate of 1.25 m 3 /s are 950 o C (95%). The higher conversion combustion of biomass was found at biomass condition of 3 kg with an air flow rate of 0.9375 m 3 /s. The value of O2 emissions from biomass combustion shows that it was very small 0.2%. While the highest CO2 value was recorded at 19.9%. The highest combustion efficiency on FBC found 1 kg of biomass fuel with an air flow rate of 0.0654 m 3 /s recorded 94.9%.

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Effect of producer gas addition and air excess ratio on natural gas flame luminescence

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Spontaneous Emission Measurements of Selected Alkali Radicals during the Combustion of a Single Biomass Pellet

Spontaneous Emission Measurements of Selected Alkali Radicals during the Combustion of a Single Biomass Pellet

Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Experimental Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Oil-Palm Biomass in Fluidized-Bed: A Heat Energy Alternative

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