Effect of Professional Background and Gender on Residents’ Perceptions of Leadership

Ju, Mindy; Schaik, Sandrijn M. van

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000002925

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This supports previous research in demonstrating maternal wall bias and discrimination within medicine. 63 As this work solicited the views of medical students, it has become clear that gender bias within medicine is overtly perceived by students both directly and indirectly. Through legitimate peripheral participation in a culture of bias (referred to as ‘gendered communities of practice’ by Samuriwo et al 26 ), gender bias becomes part of students’ educational experience clinically and institutionally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Too male, too pale, too stale’: a qualitative exploration of student experiences of gender bias within medical education

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo explore medical student perceptions and experiences of gender bias within medical education.SettingGender bias—‘prejudiced actions or thoughts based on the perception that women are not equal to men’—is a widespread issue. Within medicine, the pay gap, under-representation of women in senior roles and sexual harassment are among the most concerning issues demonstrating its presence and impact. While research investigating experiences of clinicians is gaining traction, investigation of medical students’ experiences is lacking. This qualitative study analyses medical students’ experiences of gender bias within their education to discern any patterns to this bias. Illuminating the current state of medical education gender bias will hopefully highlight areas in which student experience could be improved. Constructivist thematic analysis was used to analyse data, informed by William’s patterns of gender bias, intersectional feminism and communities of practice theory.ParticipantsThirty-two medical students from multiple UK medical schools participated in individual interviews. Nine faculty members were also interviewed to triangulate data.ResultsGender bias has an overt presence during medical student education, manifesting in line with William’s patterns of bias, impacting career aspirations. Physical environments serve to manifest organisational values, sending implicit messages regarding who is most welcome—currently, this imagery remains ‘too male, too pale…too stale’. Existing gender initiatives require careful scrutiny, as this work identifies the superficial application of positive action, and a failure to affect meaningful change.ConclusionsDespite progress having been made regarding overt gender discrimination, implicit bias persists, with existing positive action inadequate in promoting the advancement of women. Institutions should mandate participation in implicit bias education programmes for all staff and must strive to revise the imagery within physical environments to better represent society. Gender initiatives, like Athena Scientific Women’s Academic Network, also require large-scale evaluation regarding their impact, which this work found to be lacking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Too male, too pale, too stale’: a qualitative exploration of student experiences of gender bias within medical education

et al. 2020

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“…This can result in reluctance from women and non-binary physicians to take on high stakes clinical roles such as Trauma Team Leader after residency, which further compounds the issue Background: Residents believe that stereotypically masculine, highly assertive leadership styles are most effective during resuscitations [20] and are biased against female code leaders despite lack of gender-related differences in resuscitation leadership quality or clinical care [21]. Similarly, nurses rate male residents as more competent than female colleagues [22], and medical trainees rated male physicians to have better leadership skills in resuscitation scenarios despite similar objective performance [23]. In fact, studies of video-taped, real-life resuscitations show positive effects for female-led resuscitation teams for both leadership quality and patient survival [21,24].…”

Section: Summary Of Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority strategies to improve gender equity in Canadian emergency medicine: proceedings from the CAEP 2021 Academic Symposium on leadership

et al. 2022

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Objectives Gender inequities are deeply rooted in our society and have significant negative consequences. Female physicians experience numerous gender-related inequities (e.g., microaggressions, harassment, violence). These inequities have farreaching consequences on health, well-being and career longevity and may result in the devaluing of various strengths that female emergency physicians bring to the table. This, in turn, has an impact on patient healthcare experience and outcomes. During the 2021 Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) Academic Symposium, a national collaborative sought to understand gender inequities in emergency medicine in Canada. Methods We used a multistep stakeholder-engagement-based approach (harnessing both quantitative and qualitative methods) to identify and prioritize problems with gender equity in emergency medicine in Canada. Based on expert consultation and literature review, we developed recommendations to effect change for the higher priority problems. We then conducted a nationwide consultation with the Canadian emergency medicine community via online engagement and the CAEP Academic Symposium to ensure that these priority problems and solutions were appropriate for the Canadian context. Conclusion Via the above process, 15 recommendations were developed to address five unique problem areas. There is a dearth of research in this important area and we hope this preliminary work will serve as a starting point to fuel further research. To facilitate these scholarly endeavors, we have appended additional documents identifying other key problems with gender equity in emergency medicine in Canada as well as proposed next steps for future research.

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“…[8][9][10][11] Specific to team leadership, Ju et al demonstrated that physician trainees scored female team leaders less favorably than male team leaders acting in a standardized simulation-based resuscitation. 12 In other words, male and female actors portraying the same, scripted, team leader role were evaluated differently, with male actors scoring more favorably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does team leader gender matter? A Bayesian reconciliation of leadership and patient care during trauma resuscitations

et al. 2021

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Team leadership facilitates teamwork and is important to patient care. It is unknown whether physician gender-based differences in team leadership exist. The objective of this study was to assess and compare team leadership and patient care in trauma resuscitations led by male and female physicians. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a larger randomized controlled trial using video recordings of emergency department trauma resuscitations at a Level 1 trauma center from April 2016 to December 2017. Subjects included emergency medicine and surgery residents functioning as trauma team leaders. Eligible resuscitations included adult patients meeting institutional trauma activation criteria. Two video-recorded observations for each participant were coded for team leadership quality and patient care by 2 sets of raters. Raters were balanced with regard to gender and were blinded to study hypotheses. We used Bayesian regression to determine whether our data supported gender-based advantages in team leadership. Results: A total of 60 participants and 120 video recorded observations were included. The modal relationship between gender and team leadership (β = 0.94, 95% highest density interval [HDI],-.68 to 2.52) and gender and patient care (β = 2.42, 95% HDI,-2.03 to 6.78) revealed a weak positive effect for female leaders on both outcomes. Gender-based advantages to team leadership and clinical care were not conclusively

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Effect of Professional Background and Gender on Residents’ Perceptions of Leadership

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Appendix 1Screenshots from the scripted simulated scenarios with a (l) female and (r) male actor playing team leader.

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

‘Too male, too pale, too stale’: a qualitative exploration of student experiences of gender bias within medical education

‘Too male, too pale, too stale’: a qualitative exploration of student experiences of gender bias within medical education

Priority strategies to improve gender equity in Canadian emergency medicine: proceedings from the CAEP 2021 Academic Symposium on leadership

Does team leader gender matter? A Bayesian reconciliation of leadership and patient care during trauma resuscitations

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