Effect of Progesterone on
            <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>

Morse, Stephen; Fitzgerald, Thomas J.

doi:10.1128/iai.10.6.1370-1377.1974

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Exogenous estradiol administered to ovariectomized rats produced a prolonged increase in vaginal bacterial levels from 5X104 to 1X108 organisms/sample. Other investigations have demonstrated that steroid hormones inhibit the growth of pure cultures of a variety of Gram-positive bacteria (Yotis 1967), as well as Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Morse & Fitzgerald 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy

Kornman

Loesche

1980

J of Periodontal Research

442

289

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The subgingival bacterial flora from 2 gingival sites was cultured and characterized monthly in twenty periodontitis-free women during pregnancy and again post-partum. Monthly plaque samples were also cultured in eleven age and disease matched non-pregnant women. Plaque was processed anaerobically on selective and nonselective media and the predominant colony types were characterized. A portion of each plaque sample was tested for bacterial uptake of Ci4-estradiol and C^-progesterone. Plasma levels of estrogens and progesterone were measured four times in each subject. The number of gingival bleeding sites, the Gingival Index and the Plaque Index were determined at each sampling period.In the second trimester there was a significant increase in gingivitis, the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria, and the proportional levels of Bacteroides melaninogenicus ss. intermedius. In the third trimester both gingivitis and the levels of B. melaninogenicus ss. mtermedius decreased. Plaque uptake of Ci4-steroids increased significantly during pregnancy and paralleled the plaque levels of B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius. In the second trimester, recovery of B. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius was strongly correlated with plasma levels of estrogens and progesterone. No changes were observed in clinical parameters or the subgingival flora of non-pregnant subjects.Pregnancy and specifically steroid hormones appear capable of influencing the normal bacterial flora and inducing alterations in the subgingival ecology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy

Kornman

Loesche

1980

J of Periodontal Research

442

289

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“…Our findings generally support the concept that variation in the recoverability of gonococci from cervices of women at different points in their menstrual cycles is due to the action of progesterone or progesterone-like substances. Progesterone has previously been shown to have a bacteriostatic effect on gonococci in vitro (7,17,20). This is probably responsible for the relatively reduced recovery of organisms from women who are not menstruating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on gonococcus infection. XIII. Occurrence of color/opacity colonial variants in clinical cultures

James¹,

Swanson²

1978

Infect Immun

195

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Colonial variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae differing in color and opacity characteristics are distributed differently between male urethral and female cervical cultures. Colonial characteristics of cultures isolated from female cervices differ with time of isolation within the menstrual cycle and use of oral contraceptives. These differences may reflect selective forces in the ecology of the cervix, particularly proteolytic enzymes in cervical mucus and menstrual blood. Cycle changes in the characteristics of gonococci isolated from females may have implications for pathogenesis of gonococcal infections and immune reponse to the gonococcus.

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“…Some aspects of steroid uptake may reflect binding to the cell wall rather than actual utilization. Morse and Fitzgerald (23) observed that binding of [14C]progesterone was three times greater to Neisseria species which were metabolically sensitive to the steroid than to insensitive cells. In our study, the uptake of steroids appeared to reflect an active metabolic process, since the uptake was temperature dependent and resulted in the detection of an unknown labeled by-product with an Rf value intermediate between those of progesterone and estradiol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of estradiol and progesterone on Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides gingivalis

Kornman¹,

Loesche²

1982

Infect Immun

252

144

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Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius increases in the subgingival microflora during pregnancy. These studies evaluated direct interactions between hormonal steroids and oral Bacteroides species. Resting cell suspensions of pure cultures of plaque organisms were incubated anaerobically with [14C]estradiol and [14C]progesterone. Uptake of labeled compound per microgram of bacterial protein was determined by thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius and B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus took up 2.6 x 10(-4) to 5.4 x 10(-4) mumol of estradiol or progesterone per microgram of cell protein. Minimal steroid uptake was observed with B. gingivalis and five other organisms. Uptake of steroids by B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius was temperature dependent and resulted in a labeled product as detected on thin-layer chromatography. Growth curves indicated that intermedius and melaninogenicus subspecies of B. melaninogenicus but not B. gingivalis could substitute progesterone or estradiol for vitamin K, an essential growth factor. Growth of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius in steroids was concentration dependent. Addition of fumarate to resting cells of B. melaninogenicus subspecies as well as B. gingivalis increased steroid uptake by 70 to 500% and resulted in the gas-liquid chromatographic detection of succinate. Cultures given fumarate alone or steroids alone produced no succinate. Steroids appeared to directly interact with the fumarate reductase system and foster the growth of B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius. This interaction may be of ecological significance.

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Effect of Progesterone on Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy

The subgingival microbial flora during pregnancy

Studies on gonococcus infection. XIII. Occurrence of color/opacity colonial variants in clinical cultures

Effects of estradiol and progesterone on Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides gingivalis

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