Effect of Prolonged Deprivation on Attributional Style

Singh, Ram Manohar; Nathawat, S. S.

doi:10.1080/00224545.1989.9712062

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These negative expectations are very naturally termed "pessimism," but unlike the pessimistic attributional style of the Hopelessness Theory of Depression, they are an enduring trait, present in good times and bad, rather than interpretations attached to a negative event. Only three studies have assessed SES and attributional style, all in adolescents, two using a single negative event to assess pessimism (Jain & Mal, 1984;Mal et al, 1990) and one using the attributional style questionnaire (Singh & Nathawat, 1989). These studies operationalized SES as a difference in degree of material deprivation in rural India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and pessimism: relations of attributional style to childhood socioeconomic status, adverse experience and mental health

Hao¹,

Evans²,

Farah³

2022

Preprint

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Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher rates of psychopathology in childhood and beyond. This study assessed one possible contributor to this disparity, the attributional style of pessimism, in a group of 341 9-year-olds (49% female, 94% White) ranging widely in SES. Pessimism is the tendency to expect negative events to be persistent (Stable) and pervasive (Global). It was found to be more common among lower SES children (effect sizes = 0.18-0.24 depending on SES measures). Moreover, persistent, pervasive adversity in children’s lives predicted a pessimistic attributional style and mediated the SES - pessimism link. Pessimistic attributional style, in turn, was related to childhood behavioral and psychological problems and mediated the relation between SES and these problems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and pessimism: relations of attributional style to childhood socioeconomic status, adverse experience and mental health

Hao¹,

Evans²,

Farah³

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first study, with adolescent boys, found that those suffering greater deprivation were more likely to attribute their failure on a task to internal (their ability or effort) rather than external (luck) factors 13 . A later study demonstrated that low SES adolescent boys showed more pessimistic attributional style for bad outcomes than low-deprived subjects, but no differences in attributing good outcomes using the scale Seligman and colleagues developed (Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire 14 ) 15 . Another study found that low SES adolescents (both genders) were more…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pessimistic cognitive biases mediate socioeconomic status and children’s mental health problems

Evans

Farah

2023

Sci Rep

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Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher rates of emotional disorders in childhood and beyond. Here we assessed one possible contributor to this disparity, a cognitive bias in the interpretation of negative events, in a group of 341 9-year-olds (49% female, 94% White) ranging widely in SES. This cognitive bias, known as pessimism in the attributional style literature, is the tendency to interpret negative events as persistent (Stable) and pervasive (Global). It was found to be more common among lower SES children (effect sizes = 0.18–0.24 depending on SES measures: income to needs ratio, proportion of poverty from birth to age 9, and parental educational attainment). Moreover, persistent, pervasive adversity in children’s lives predicted this bias and mediated the SES—pessimism link. Pessimistic attributional style, in turn, was related to childhood emotional problems and mediated the relation between SES and these problems. Finally, evidence for serial mediation of the SES-mental health problems relationship was found via persistent, pervasive adversity and pessimism, respectively.

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Is There a Universal Positivity Bias in Attributions? A Meta-Analytic Review of Individual, Developmental, and Cultural Differences in the Self-Serving Attributional Bias.

Mezulis¹,

Abramson²,

Hyde³

et al. 2004

Psychological Bulletin

1,079

752

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Researchers have suggested the presence of a self-serving attributional bias, with people making more internal, stable, and global attributions for positive events than for negative events. This study examined the magnitude, ubiquity, and adaptiveness of this bias. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of 266 studies, yielding 503 independent effect sizes. The average d was 0.96, indicating a large bias. The bias was present in nearly all samples. There were significant age differences, with children and older adults displaying the largest biases. Asian samples displayed significantly smaller biases (d = 0.30) than U.S. (d = 1.05) or Western (d = 0.70) samples. Psychopathology was associated with a significantly attenuated bias (d = 0.48) compared with samples without psychopathology (d = 1.28) and community samples (d = 1.08). The bias was smallest for samples with depression (0.21), anxiety (0.46), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (0.55). Findings confirm that the self-serving attributional bias is pervasive in the general population but demonstrates significant variability across age, culture, and psychopathology.

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Effect of Prolonged Deprivation on Attributional Style

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Poverty and pessimism: relations of attributional style to childhood socioeconomic status, adverse experience and mental health

Poverty and pessimism: relations of attributional style to childhood socioeconomic status, adverse experience and mental health

Pessimistic cognitive biases mediate socioeconomic status and children’s mental health problems

Is There a Universal Positivity Bias in Attributions? A Meta-Analytic Review of Individual, Developmental, and Cultural Differences in the Self-Serving Attributional Bias.

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