Effect of promoters on the structure and catalytic properties of tungstated zirconia in n-heptane isomerization

Unraveling the Effects of Fe and Mn Promoters on the Tungstated Zirconia Catalyst: A Dft Study

“…In addition, other experimental studies have suggested that Fe and Mn-containing WZ catalysts play a role as a redox initiator, affecting the dehydrogenation activity of the materials [13]. The stabilization of tetragonal zirconia was also pinpointed as a key factor influencing the catalytic performance of WZ [14,25]. Finally, the acidity, reducibility and dispersion of the WO x layer was also observed to change by the dopants [23].…”

“…The catalytic performance of sulfated and tungstated zirconia catalysts can be boosted by incorporating diverse promoters, such as gallium, aluminum, iron or manganese [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. SZ doped with Fe and Mn, for example, catalyzes isomerization reactions two to three orders of magnitude faster than undoped SZ [15,16,20,22].…”

“…SZ doped with Fe and Mn, for example, catalyzes isomerization reactions two to three orders of magnitude faster than undoped SZ [15,16,20,22]. Regarding WZ, several works have shown that the incorporation of Fe and Mn improves the paraffin isomerization activity of these catalysts [13,14,[17][18][19]21,23,24]. Nevertheless, as in the SZ case, the nature of the promoting effect of these metals remains highly debated.…”