Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Pain, Hip Joint Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Kim, Beom-Ryong; Kang, Tae-Woo; Kim, Da Hee

doi:10.14474/ptrs.2021.10.2.225

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While both groups demonstrated a decrease in the popliteal angle post-intervention, the PNF stretch group exhibited a comparatively greater reduction. This finding implies that both techniques are equally beneficial, but preference may be given to PNF stretching, especially when expertise in its application is available (25). Notably, the popliteal angle serves as a reliable predictor of range improvement following spasticity reduction, making its assessment crucial in evaluating treatment efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of PNF Stretching and Static Stretching to Reduce Spasticity of Lower Extremity in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children

Zafar,

Rasool,

Fatima

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) presents a significant burden on childhood health, with the spastic type being the most prevalent manifestation. This neurological disorder, affecting 2-3 per 1000 births, stems from various prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal brain injuries. Commonly impacted outcome measures include muscle tone, pain, and range of motion, assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale, Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Scale, and popliteal angle measurement, respectively. While conservative static stretching is a widely used treatment option for spasticity, its efficacy remains inconclusive due to temporary effects. Conversely, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, introduced by Harman Kabat and Margaret Knott in the 1940s, has shown promise in improving functional outcomes and reducing spasticity in neurological conditions like stroke and CP. However, limited evidence exists regarding its comparative efficacy with conventional static stretching in reducing spasticity among children with spastic cerebral palsy. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of PNF stretching and static stretching in reducing lower extremity spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy, with pain and popliteal angle as secondary objectives. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the comparative effectiveness of PNF stretching and static stretching in reducing spasticity in the lower extremities of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Additionally, pain intensity and popliteal angle will be evaluated as secondary objectives. Methods: A sample size of 60 children was determined using Epitool Google calculator and selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving PNF stretching, or the control group, receiving static stretching, with both groups undergoing identical baseline treatment. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted for spasticity, pain intensity, and popliteal angle measurement using appropriate scales and instruments. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, employing independent sample t-tests and paired sample t-tests for intergroup and intragroup comparisons, respectively. Results: Inter-group analysis revealed significant improvements in both groups concerning pre- and post-treatment outcomes across all variables. However, intra-group analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the PNF stretching group compared to the static stretching group across all measured variables. Conclusion: The study concludes that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching is more effective than static stretching in reducing spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Nevertheless, both techniques exhibit efficacy in their respective capacities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of PNF Stretching and Static Stretching to Reduce Spasticity of Lower Extremity in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children

Zafar,

Rasool,

Fatima

et al. 2024

JHRR

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“…Hence shortening or straining of the iliopsoas can cause excessive pelvic anterior tilt or increased spine extension during hip joint motion, thereby acting as a risk factor for low back pain. 13 American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice ISSN 2520-4017 (Online) Vol.8, Issue 3, pp 22 -31, 2023 www.ajpojournals.org 25 Numerous researches have focused on how the iliopsoas can be stretched and relaxed utilizing relaxation techniques like massages. In a recent interventional investigation, patients with low back discomfort were examined for shortened iliopsoas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip Flexors Shortening among Patients with Low Back Pain

Shahid,

Kashif,

Asghar

et al. 2023

AJHMN

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Purpose: Determine the hip flexors shortening in individuals with low back pain. Methodology: It was descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 255 participants were included according to the selection criteria. Non-probability sampling technique was used to select participants. Inclusion criteria of the study were the patients of age between 18 to 65 years having low back pain from a period of 3 months or more. Exclusion criteria were the individuals with history of spinal trauma, joint dysfunction in past 3 months, any congenital deformity in hip or lumbar region, any history of fracture in related joints in previous 6 months and history of abdominal, hip or lumbar surgery in previous 3 months. Study settings include OPD of DHQ hospital, Gujranwala and Physical therapy department of Gondal hospital, Gujranwala. Study was completed within 4 month. Thomas test was used to assess hip flexors shortening. A structured questionnaire was used to collect participants’ relevant data. Data was analysed by SPSS version 20. Findings: Mean age of the patients was 40.10±12.31 and mean body mass index was 27.44±6.10. Out of 255 patients, 35.7% were male and 64.3% were females. 64.3% participants were housewife, 20.8% were labour and 14.9% were worker. Thomas test was found to be positive in 63.5% patients of low back pain and negative in 36.5% patients. Chi square shows that (p>0.05) there was no significant association between participants’ gender and the results of Thomas test. But a statistically significant association was found between gender and occupation (p<0.05). Recommendations: In conclusion, hip flexor shortening was prevalent in patients of low back pain. The prevalence of hip flexor muscles shortening was found to be 63.5%. There was no statistical significant association of participants’ gender with hip flexor shortening. However, statistical significant association was found between gender and occupation of the participant with low back pain. The relationship of hip flexor shortening with various conditions should be evaluated in future research with a bigger sample size, diverse populations, and different age groups. It is suggested that future research look at the prevalence of hip flexor shortening in those without LBP. To stop people's muscles from shortening in general, several awareness programmes for posture advice and muscle stretching practices should be set up.

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Bilateral Asymmetrical Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Effects on Pain, Multifidus Activity, Range of Motion, and Disability in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Baig¹,

Ansari

2022

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics

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Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Pain, Hip Joint Range of Motion, and Functional Disability in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of PNF Stretching and Static Stretching to Reduce Spasticity of Lower Extremity in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children

Comparison of PNF Stretching and Static Stretching to Reduce Spasticity of Lower Extremity in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Children

Hip Flexors Shortening among Patients with Low Back Pain

Bilateral Asymmetrical Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Effects on Pain, Multifidus Activity, Range of Motion, and Disability in Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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