Effect of protein or energy restriction during late gestation on hormonal and metabolic status in pregnant goats and postnatal male offspring

He, Zhixiong; Sun, Zhihong; Beauchemin, K. A.; Yang, Wenzhu; Tang, Shaoxun; Zhou, Chuanshe; Han, Xuefeng; Wang, M.; Kang, Jinhe; Tan, Zhiliang

doi:10.1017/s1751731115001147

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similarly, in the postnatal kids, all physical and circulating blood metabolites measured were unaffected in the females, but the concentrations of albumin, GH and cortisol in the restricted males were increased. Previously, our research team found that maternal 40% energy restriction during late gestation resulted in a higher relative liver weight [20] and lower insulin concentration [21] in 7-week-old male kids. The different outcomes from previous studies may be due to the pregnancy stage (mid vs. late gestation) and the type of nutritional constraints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small ruminants are a long-standing animal model used to study metabolic disorders caused by maternal nutrient restriction because of their roles in husbandry production and their similarity to humans in terms of fetal weight and of organ development and maturity at birth [19]. According to previous studies [20, 21], 40% maternal energy restriction leads to fetal programming of the liver weight and insulin concentration in goats. Thus, using a goat model of maternal undernutrition during midgestation, the effects of maternal undernutrition during midgestation on liver energy metabolism in pregnant goats and their offspring at the level of circulating blood, hepatic metabolites, genes and enzymes were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for liver energy metabolism programming in offspring subjected to intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation

et al. 2019

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BackgroundMaternal undernutrition programs fetal energy homeostasis and increases the risk of metabolic disorders later in life. This study aimed to identify the signs of hepatic metabolic programming in utero and during the juvenile phase after intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation.MethodsFifty-three pregnant goats were assigned to the control (100% of the maintenance requirement) or restricted (60% of the maintenance requirement from day 45 to day 100 of midgestation and realimentation thereafter) group to compare hepatic energy metabolism in the fetuses (day 100 of gestation) and kids (postnatal day 90).ResultsUndernutrition increased the glucagon concentration and hepatic hexokinase activity, decreased the body weight, liver weight and hepatic expression of G6PC, G6PD, and PGC1α mRNAs, and tended to decrease the hepatic glycogen content and ACOX1 mRNA level in the dams. Maternal undernutrition decreased the growth hormone (GH) and triglyceride concentrations, tended to decrease the body weight and hepatic hexokinase activity, increased the hepatic PCK1, PCK2 and PRKAA2 mRNAs levels and glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and tended to increase the hepatic PRKAB1 and CPT1α mRNAs levels in the male fetuses. In the restricted female fetuses, the hepatic hexokinase activity and G6PC mRNA level tended to be increased, but PKB1 mRNA expression was decreased and the ACACA, CPT1α, NR1H3 and STK11 mRNA levels tended to be decreased. Maternal undernutrition changed the hepatic metabolic profile and affected the metabolic pathway involved in amino acid, glycerophospholipid, bile acid, purine, and saccharide metabolism in the fetuses, but not the kids. Additionally, maternal undernutrition increased the concentrations of GH and cortisol, elevated the hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and tended to decrease the hepatic glycogen content in the male kids. No alterations in these variables were observed in the female kids.ConclusionsMaternal undernutrition affects the metabolic status in a sex- and stage-specific manner by changing the metabolic profile, expression of genes involved in glucose homeostasis and enzyme activities in the liver of the fetuses. The changes in the hormone levels in the male fetuses and kids, but not the female offspring, represent a potential sign of metabolic programming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for liver energy metabolism programming in offspring subjected to intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation

et al. 2019

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“…In extensive production systems, the shortage of roughage, especially high-quality forage in ruminants, is a common problem in the cold season of China [20], leading to low intake and overall nutrient deficiencies. Severe malnutrition during pregnancy (higher than 50%) often leads to pregnancy failure, while the effects of moderate (30 to 40%) or mild (less than 20%) undernutrition are often unnoticed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Maternal Undernutrition during Mid-Gestation on the Yield, Quality and Composition of Kid Meat Under an Extensive Management System

Zhou

Yan

Yang

et al. 2019

Animals

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Nutritional status during mid-gestation is often ignored under extensive husbandry. This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal undernutrition during mid-gestation on kid meat production under an extensive system. Twenty-seven goats (45 ± 3 d of gestation) were randomly assigned to an unrestricted group (100% of nutrient requirements), or a restricted group (60% of nutrient requirements from 45 to 100 d of gestation, and then re-alimented to 100%). Among the offspring, 16 eligible kids (eight per treatment) were selected, based on birth type and survival, and were harvested to evaluate the meat yield, quality, and composition at 90 d after birth. Maternal undernutrition reduced the body weight and size, average daily gain and hot carcass weight of the kids (p < 0.05). The lightness of the meat at 45 min postmortem was increased (p = 0.029) in the restricted kids. Apart from an increase in tyrosine concentration (p = 0.046), the proximate composition and the amino acid and fatty acid profiles were unaffected in the restricted kids (p > 0.05). Overall, maternal undernutrition during mid-gestation decreased the yield of kid meat, but did not significantly modify the quality and composition. These results highlight the importance of nutrient status during mid-gestation in the meat production of small ruminants under an extensive regime.

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“…Although there are a number of studies showing the relationship between maternal malnutrition and non-communicable disease in adult offspring, none has specifically addressed the effects of a protein-restricted diet on mothers and maternal-fetal coupling. Previous studies have demonstrated that protein-restricted diets during gestation produce important morphological and functional dysregulation at placental levels ( 15 , 16 ). In addition, protein-restricted pregnant dams exhibit decreased secretion of insulin ( 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-protein diet does not alter reproductive, biochemical, and hematological parameters in pregnant Wistar rats

Barros

Andrade

Barros

et al. 2018

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive, biochemical, and hematological outcomes of pregnant rats exposed to protein restriction. Wistar rat dams were fed a control normal-protein (NP, 17% protein, n=8) or a low-protein (LP, 8% protein, n=14) diet from the 1st to the 20th day of pregnancy. On the 20th day, the clinical signs of toxicity were evaluated. The pregnant rats were then anesthetized and blood samples were collected for biochemical-hematological analyses, and laparotomy was performed to evaluate reproductive parameters. No sign of toxicity, or differences (P>0.05) in body weight gain and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, and total protein) between NP and LP pregnant dams were observed. Similarly, hematological data, including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width (coefficient of variation), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, % lymphocytes, absolute lymphocyte count, platelet count, and mean platelet volume were similar (P>0.05) at the end of pregnancy. Reproductive parameters (the dam-offspring relationship, ovary mass, placenta mass, number of corpora lutea, implantation index, resorption index, and the pre- and post-implantation loss rates) were also not different (P>0.05) between NP and LP pregnant dams. The present data showed that a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy did not alter reproductive, biochemical, and hematological parameters and seems not to have any toxic effect on pregnant Wistar rats.

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Effect of protein or energy restriction during late gestation on hormonal and metabolic status in pregnant goats and postnatal male offspring

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Evidence for liver energy metabolism programming in offspring subjected to intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation

Evidence for liver energy metabolism programming in offspring subjected to intrauterine undernutrition during midgestation

Effects of Maternal Undernutrition during Mid-Gestation on the Yield, Quality and Composition of Kid Meat Under an Extensive Management System

Low-protein diet does not alter reproductive, biochemical, and hematological parameters in pregnant Wistar rats

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