Effect of protein supplementation and forage allowance on the growth and reproduction of beef heifers grazing stockpiled tall fescue1

Lyons, Sarah E.; Shaeffer, A. D.; Drewnoski, Mary E.; Poore, M. H.; Poole, Daniel

doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9969

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Mean yield of grazable forage ( Table 1 ) was 2,856 kg DM per hectare (±164.1) and fell within the range of yields found in the literature ( Kallenbach et al, 2003 ; Teutsch et al, 2005 ; Lyons et al, 2016 ). With this amount of available forage, farmers were able to achieve an average of 260 (±81.8) standard cow grazing days per ha of stockpiled forage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing

Freeman¹,

Poore

Shaeffer

2019

Translational Animal Science

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One of the primary goals of extension is to encourage and support adoption of improved technologies. Managed grazing and stockpiling forage are two such technologies. The goal of this project was to encourage adoption of these practices by providing on-farm demonstrations of the technologies. We also collected forage and soil data and held workshops at each of the demonstration sites. Host producers were selected, given a basic kit of temporary fencing supplies for use during the demonstration, and instructed on their proper use during the winter stockpiling season. Forage yield and quality data were collected and soil tests made to show the economic advantages of proper fertilization and grazing fresh forage in contrast to feeding stored forage and concentrate. The nutritive value of the forage stockpiled in September through November (67% total digestible nutrients [TDN] and 14% crude protein, CP) exceeded the needs of the cattle and was greater than the nutrient content of hay present on the farms (59% TDN and 11% CP, P < 0.01). The mean quantity of available forage (2,856 ± 164 kg dry matter per hectare) provided an average of 260 (±81.8) standard cow (545 kg) grazing days per hectare of stockpiled forage. Taking into account the higher nutritive value of the fresh forage when compared with hay and the savings of time and equipment costs by grazing, we estimated that grazing stockpiled forage saved $1.28 per standard cow per day. The grazing management skills gained during this project and the temporary fencing technology were adopted by 93% of the demonstration farms that responded to our follow-up survey (78% of demonstration sites), and the area managed with these technologies increased on these sites more than 350%. Having the hosts share personal experiences played an important role in encouraging their peers to adopt the technologies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing

Freeman¹,

Poore

Shaeffer

2019

Translational Animal Science

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“…The sensitivity of this assay was 10 pg progesterone per tube (Richards et al, 1994). This assay has also been validated in our laboratory for use with bovine serum in a single assay (Lyons, Shaeffer, Drewnoski, Poore, & Poole, 2016;Whisnant & Burns, 2002). Data are reported as nanograms of progesterone/mg luteal tissue.…”

Section: Progesterone Radioimmunoassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll‐like receptor and related cytokine mRNA expression in bovine corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy

Gadsby

Nipper

Faircloth

et al. 2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Improving our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the corpus luteum (CL) and its role in regulating the reproductive cycle should lead to improvements in the sustainability of today's global animal industry. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ composed of a heterogeneous mixture steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, and it is becoming clear that immune mechanisms play a key role in CL regulation especially in luteolysis. Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate innate immune mechanisms via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially within various tissues, although the role of TLR within CL remains unknown. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize TLR mRNA expression in the CL during the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy (day 30-50), and to examine the role of TLR signalling in luteal cells. Corpora lutea were collected at various stages of the cycle and pregnancy and analysed for TLR and cytokine mRNA expression. In addition, luteal cells were cultured with the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) for 24 h to evaluate the role of TLR4 in regulating luteal function. Toll-like receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN-G), and interleukin (IL)-12, mRNA expressions were greatest in regressing CL compared with earlier stages (p < .05), whereas no change was observed for IL-6 mRNA expression. Cytokine mRNA expression in cultured luteal cells was not altered by LPS. Based on these data, one or more of the TLRs found within the CL may play a role in luteolysis, perhaps via pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression.

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“…Differences in circulating SUN were expected due to forage quality differences and BW losses in heifers grazing SG and BI pastures. However, heifers grazing TF had lower SUN concentrations than expected with regard to forage nutrient value (Poore et al, 2006;Drewnoski et al, 2009;Lyons et al, 2016). Collectively, these authors suggest that intake of degradable protein may be limiting growth performance in heifers grazing TF (Poore et al, 2006;Drewnoski et al, 2009;Lyons et al, 2016).…”

Section: Serum Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, heifers grazing TF had lower SUN concentrations than expected with regard to forage nutrient value (Poore et al, 2006;Drewnoski et al, 2009;Lyons et al, 2016). Collectively, these authors suggest that intake of degradable protein may be limiting growth performance in heifers grazing TF (Poore et al, 2006;Drewnoski et al, 2009;Lyons et al, 2016). Concentrations of SUN can provide an indication of N availability resulting from deamination of dietary and endogenous protein sources (Roseler et al, 1993).…”

Section: Serum Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of forage species and supplement type on rumen kinetics and serum metabolites in growing beef heifers grazing winter forage1

McFarlane

Barbero

Nave

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stockpiled forage type and protein supplementation on VFA production, serum metabolites, and BW in yearling beef heifers. Over 2 yr, spring-born, Angus crossbred yearling beef heifers ( = 42; 305 ± 2.9 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage pasture types: 1) endophyte-infected tall fescue [TF; (Schreb.) Dumort], 2) a big bluestem ( Vitman) and indiangrass ( L.) combination (BI), or 3) switchgrass (SG; L.). Each pasture was then randomly assigned to receive either 1 of 2 isonitrogenous CP treatments: 1) 0.68 kg·heifer·d of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS; 28% CP and 88% TDN) or 2) 0.22 kg·heifer·d of blood meal and fish meal (BF; 72.5% CP and 69.5% TDN), resulting in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were initiated in January and terminated in April in both years of the study. Body weights and blood samples were collected approximately every 28 d from initiation of grazing until the end of the trial. Heifer BW change from January to February and overall BW change were greater ( < 0.01) for TF heifers. However, BW change from March to April was not different ( = 0.84) among forage types. Supplement type did not influence ( ≥ 0.13) BW or BW change from January to February and from January to April; however, heifers fed DDGS had greater ( = 0.03) BW gain from March to April. Heifer BW change from February to March exhibited ( < 0.05) a forage type × supplement interaction, with BF-fed heifers gaining more BW on BI pastures than DDGS-fed heifers. Serum glucose concentrations, ruminal acetate, and the acetate:propionate ratio were greater ( ≤ 0.04) for SG heifers. However, circulating serum NEFA and urea N (SUN) concentrations were not different ( ≥ 0.85) among forage types. Serum glucose and NEFA concentrations were not influenced ( ≥ 0.61) by supplement type. Circulating SUN concentrations were greater ( < 0.01) in BF-supplemented heifers. Ruminal acetate tended to be greater ( = 0.09) and butyrate concentrations were greater ( < 0.01) for BF-supplemented heifers. The acetate:propionate ratio was not influenced ( = 0.15) by supplement type. These results suggest that a compensatory gain period prior to breeding would be needed for these native warm-season species to be a viable opportunity for growing and developing replacement heifers in the southeastern United States.

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Effect of protein supplementation and forage allowance on the growth and reproduction of beef heifers grazing stockpiled tall fescue1

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing

Enhancing the adoption of stockpiling tall fescue and managed grazing

Toll‐like receptor and related cytokine mRNA expression in bovine corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy

Effect of forage species and supplement type on rumen kinetics and serum metabolites in growing beef heifers grazing winter forage1

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