Effect of protein supplementation during a 6-month strength and conditioning program on areal and volumetric bone parameters

Ballard, Tasha L.; Specker, Bonny; Binkley, Teresa L.; Vukovich, Matthew D.

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.10.020

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, it is worth pointing out that GH and IGF-1 are important molecular mediators of neural efficiency in the human brain (Sonntag et al, 2005). Previous studies demonstrated that regular, long-term resistance exercise is associated with increases in circulating GH and IGF-1 concentrations in young males (Ballard et al, 2005; Willoughby et al, 2007), and that changes in the resting serum IGF-1 concentrations after 12 months of resistance exercise were significantly correlated with the changes in RTs and P3 amplitude in healthy elderly subjects (Tsai et al, under review). We can thus not negate the potential roles of GH and IGF-1 in the beneficial effects of regular, long-term resistance exercise on cognitive functioning, since these acute effects in the present study could be washed out due to the limited timeframe of exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function and endocrinological responses to acute resistance exercise

Tsai

Wang

Pan

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

119

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This study had the following two aims: First, to explore the effects of acute resistance exercise (RE, i.e., using exercise machines to contract and stretch muscles) on behavioral and electrophysiological performance when performing a cognitive task involving executive functioning in young male adults; Second, to investigate the potential biochemical mechanisms of such facilitative effects using two neurotrophic factors [i.e., growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] and the cortisol levels elicited by such an exercise intervention mode with two different exercise intensities. Sixty young male adults were recruited and randomly assigned to a high-intensity (HI) exercise group, moderate-intensity (MI) exercise group, and non-exercise-intervention (NEI) group. Blood samples were taken, and the behavioral and electrophysiological indices were simultaneously measured when individuals performed a Go/No-Go task combined with the Erikson Flanker paradigm at baseline and after either an acute bout of 30 min of moderate- or high-intensity RE or a control period. The results showed that the acute RE could not only benefit the subjects' behavioral (i.e., RTs and accuracy) performance, as found in previous studies, but also increase the P3 amplitude. Although the serum GH and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased via moderate or high intensity RE in both the MI and HI groups, the increased serum levels of neurotrophic factors were significantly decreased about 20 min after exercise. In addition, such changes were not correlated with the changes in cognitive (i.e., behavioral and electrophysiological) performance. In contrast, the serum levels of cortisol in the HI and MI groups were significantly lower after acute RE, and the changes in cortisol levels were significantly associated with the changes in electrophysiological (i.e., P3 amplitude) performance. The findings suggest the beneficial effects of acute RE on executive functioning could be due to changes in arousal, possibly modulated by the serum cortisol levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function and endocrinological responses to acute resistance exercise

Tsai

Wang

Pan

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

119

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“…Furthermore, when interpreting the associations with cortical thickness and cortical CSA, one should be aware of that the estimation of these parameters are dependent on the algorithm used, the pixel size, and the different density thresholds used. However, the whole procedure for the estimation of cortical thickness, used in this study, has previously been validated (26) and used (21,27) for the analyses of cortical thickness of the diaphysis of the radius. The strengths of this study includes (1) the large number of subjects (n ‫ס‬ 642) in a population-based cohort, (2) objective determination of age at PHV, and (3) the use of the 3D pQCT technique for the adult bone analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pubertal Timing Predicts Previous Fractures and BMD in Young Adult Men: The GOOD Study

Kindblom

Lorentzon

Norjavaara

et al. 2006

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The importance of pubertal timing for adult BMD in males was studied through association of pubertal timing with young adult bone phenotype. Pubertal timing was found to predict both cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and previous fractures in young adult men. Thus, late puberty is a risk factor for low BMD and previous fractures in young adult men.Introduction: Peak bone mass (PBM), achieved during puberty, is a determinant of the risk for osteoporosis and future fractures. The role of variations within the normal range in pubertal timing for fractures during pubertal development and for adult bone mass in men is unknown. Materials and Methods:The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of pubertal timing for adult BMD and for fractures before achievement of PBM in men. The population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a well-characterized cohort of young adult Swedish males 18-20 years of age. Detailed growth charts from birth to 18-20 years of age were retrieved for 642 men participating in the GOOD study. Age at peak height velocity (PHV) was estimated and used as an assessment of pubertal timing. The skeletal phenotype was analyzed at young adult age using DXA and pQCT and previous fractures were assessed by questionnaires. Results: Age at PHV was a negative independent predictor of both adult cortical and trabecular volumetric BMD and of total body and radius areal BMD. Moreover, age at PHV was associated with previous fractures in a logistic regression analysis. The OR for cortical osteopenia was 2.49 (95% CI, 1.91-3.24; p < 0.001) and for previous upper limb fractures was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.04-1.75; p < 0.05) per year increment in age at PHV. Conclusions: Age at PHV is a negative independent predictor of BMD and a positive predictor of previous fractures in young adult men. Longitudinal studies to determine if pubertal timing also predicts BMD and fractures in elderly men are required.

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“…[138] In this study, all groups experienced significant increases in tibia cortical thickness and area, and decreased their endosteal circumference over the intervention period. Cortical thickness among females was greater if they were receiving supplemental protein, whereas among men the change was the greatest if they were receiving carbohydrate supplementation.…”

Section: Young Menmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Military press, bench press, seated chest fly, seated triceps extension, seated lateral pull down, seated wide grip row, seated reverse fly, seated biceps curl, abdominals, inclined leg press, 2-leg knee extension, 2-leg hamstring curl, seated calf raise 3 8 0 % 1 RM 500 mL M/S in EXM; 500 mL S/S in EXS; 500 mL C/S in C WB NC Ballard et al [138] (2006)…”

Section: Young Menmentioning

confidence: 99%