Effect of Proximal Gastric, Complete Gastric, and Truncal Vagotomy on Canine Gastric Electric Activity, Motility, and Emptying

Wilbur, Bruce G.; Kelly, Keith A.

doi:10.1097/00000658-197309000-00009

Cited by 284 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Vagotomy modifies the motor activity of the stomach, blocking the arrival of afferent inhibitory stimuli in the nucleus tractus solitarii and abolishing the efferent stimuli originating in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus (2,10,(29)(30)(31). The present study also showed that the participation of the PVN is necessary for the effect of dipyrone on gastric emptying since bilateral electrolytic lesion of the hypothalamic region corresponding to this nucleus abolished the effect of the drug (Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Evidence of the effect of dipyrone on the central nervous system as a determinant of delayed gastric emptying observed in rats after its administration

Collares

Vinagre

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Dipyrone administered intravenously (iv) delays gastric emptying (GE) in rats. The objectives of the present study were to assess: 1) the effect of the dose of dipyrone and time after its iv administration on GE in rats, 2) the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VgX) and bilateral electrolytic lesion of the paraventricular nucleus (PVNX) on the delayed GE induced by the drug, and 3) the intracerebroventricular (icv) action of dipyrone and of one of its metabolites, 4-aminoantipyrine on GE. Male Wistar rats received saline labeled with phenol red intragastrically as a test meal. GE was indirectly assessed by the determination of percent gastric retention (GR) of the test meal 10 min after administration by gavage. Dipyrone delays GE in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Thirty minutes after the iv administration of 80 mg/kg dipyrone, the animals showed significantly higher GR (mean = 62.6%) compared to those receiving vehicle (31.5%). VgX and PVNX significantly reduced the iv effect of 80 mg/kg dipyrone (mean %GR: VgX = 28.3 vs Sham = 55.5 and PVNX = 34.5 vs Sham = 52.2). Icv administration of 4 µmol dipyrone caused a significant increase in GR (54.1%) of the test meal 10 min later, whereas administration of 4 µmol 4-aminoantipyrine had no effect (34.4%). Although the dipyrone dose administered icv was 16 times lower than that applied iv, for the same time of action (10 min), the GR of animals that received the drug icv (54.1%) or iv (54.5%) did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the effect of dipyrone in delaying GE is due to the action of the drug on the central nervous system, with the participation of the PVN and of the vagus nerve. Correspondence

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Evidence of the effect of dipyrone on the central nervous system as a determinant of delayed gastric emptying observed in rats after its administration

Collares

Vinagre

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…The most likely explanation for rapid postnatal increase in gastric compliance may be the maturation of vagovagal reflexes (26,27). Gastric receptive relaxation is regulated mainly by inhibitory vagal neurons and nitrergic neurons (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Maturation of Gastric Relaxation in Newborn Infants

et al. 2001

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We studied gastric volume, wall compliance, sensory perception, and receptive relaxation during the first postnatal 80 h in 17 healthy term infants, using a computer-driven air pump and simultaneously measuring pressure and volume within a latex balloon placed through the oropharynx into the stomach. To evaluate gastric compliance, we measured pressures while we infused air into the intragastric balloon at different rates (10, 20, and 60 mL/min) in random sequence. In all infants, there was a linear relationship between intragastric pressure and volume to the maximum pressure tested, 30 mm Hg. Gastric compliance ranged from 0.2 mL/mm Hg to 3.8 mL/mm Hg. Different infusion rates had no effect on compliance. We calculated gastric receptive relaxation by measuring the volume needed to maintain a constant pressure of 10 mm Hg within the balloon for 5 min. Gastric receptive relaxation ranged from 0.5 mL/min to 54 mL/min. Gastric compliance and receptive relaxation increased with postnatal age (r ϭ 0.70, p Ͻ 0.005; r ϭ 0.79, p Ͻ 0.001, respectively) and with number of feedings (r ϭ 0.80, r ϭ 0.88, respectively, both p Ͻ 0.001). There was no correlation between weight or type of feeding (breast versus formula) and either gastric compliance or relaxation. In conclusion, these results may explain the small feedings that neonates ingest in the first days of life. During the first 3 postnatal d, the newborn stomach becomes more compliant and develops more receptive relaxation, associated with a larger volume capacity. In healthy neonates, the volume of feedings in the first days of life is 60 -100 mL/kg per day or about 20 -40 mL per feeding. After a few days, the healthy neonate ingests approximately 150 mL/kg per day, or about 75 mL per feeding. The relatively low feeding volume during the first hours of life, coinciding with the physiologic diuresis of excess extracellular fluid that accompanies the transition from prenatal to postnatal life, may be caused by one or more factors, including a lack of hunger or thirst because of CNS depression or arousal, changing hormone concentrations associated with parturition, or immaturity of gastric function. Despite the appearance of anatomic features of the digestive tract early in fetal life (1, 2), many aspects of gastrointestinal motility are immature in the neonate (3-6). In vitro studies demonstrated rapid postnatal changes in the receptors (7,8) and responses to agonists in rabbit gastric muscle (9, 10). One potential explanation for the small voluntary feeding volumes in the hours immediately after birth is an immaturity of gastric relaxation to accommodate the entry of a meal.In healthy children and adults, the gastric fundus and body relax as a meal enters, so that there is little increase in intragastric pressures over a wide range of volumes (11-13). Azpiroz and Malagelada (12, 13) used a computer-driven air pump to infuse air into a noncompliant balloon placed in the stomach . Pressures increased initially as the stomach started to fill. As the stomach continued to fi...

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“…A deficit in contractility of the body of the stomach has also been noted after vagotomy in the dog (Walker, Stewart & 21-2 490 F. R. BELL, S. E. HOLBROOKE AND D. A. TITCHEN Bass, 1974) and in the pig (Stadaas, Aune & Haffner, 1974). Wilbur & Kelly (1973) and Stadaas (1975) on the other hand suggest that loss of receptive relaxation following vagotomy can cause an increase in intragastric pressure which may promote gastric emptying. A similar loss of receptive relaxation may occur in the calf for the abomasum showed some evidence of diminution in 'radiographic' size after vagotomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A radiological study of gastric (abomasal) emptying in calves before and after vagotomy.

Bell¹,

Holbrooke²,

Titchen³

1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Gastric emptying has been studied in the conscious, standing calf by lateral radiography and fluoroscopy of radiopaque meals instilled into the abomasum before and after vagotomy.2. Bilateral cervical vagotomy proved to be the only certain way of achieving total vagal transaction. By instillation of milk into the abomasum through a cannula calves were maintained in normal, healthy condition for up to 36 days after vagotomy.3. Motility of the antrum was not impaired by vagotomy so that some movement of gastric chyme to the duodenum occurred within minutes of instillation into the abomasum. Complete transference of the test meal was, however, delayed after vagotomy.4. The greatest effect of vagotomy appeared to be on the abomasal body so that inadequate amounts of chyme were transferred to the antrum for pumping to the duodenum.5. Delay in passage of contrast material through the intestine was related to delay in gastric emptying although vagotomy may have affected the intestine directly.6. Following vagotomy the abomasum showed a resumption of normal motility and emptying after 7-29 days. This effect of vagotomy is similar to that seen in the simple stomach and is probably due to the establishment of intrinsic gastric control.

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Effect of Proximal Gastric, Complete Gastric, and Truncal Vagotomy on Canine Gastric Electric Activity, Motility, and Emptying

Cited by 284 publications

References 15 publications

Evidence of the effect of dipyrone on the central nervous system as a determinant of delayed gastric emptying observed in rats after its administration

Evidence of the effect of dipyrone on the central nervous system as a determinant of delayed gastric emptying observed in rats after its administration

Rapid Maturation of Gastric Relaxation in Newborn Infants

A radiological study of gastric (abomasal) emptying in calves before and after vagotomy.

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