Effect of pulsed DC current on neck growth between tungsten wires and tungsten plates during the initial stage of sintering by the spark plasma sintering method

Pulse Electric Current–Aided Reactive Sintering of High‐Purity Zr3Al3C5

“…Furthermore, it is generally accepted that the electric current pulses applied during the process result in surface purification and activation of the particles. The electric current induced heat and mass transfer between particles also leads to enhanced neck growth at short times …”

Smaller crystallites in sintered materials? A discussion of the possible mechanisms of crystallite size refinement during pulsed electric current-assisted sintering

“…The formation of tungsten [10,15], nickel [16] and Fe 3 Pt [17] particles as a result of in situ reduction of oxides in the SPS has previously been reported; however, this is the first observation of precipitates of this character on copper. It should be noted that in the analysis of the fine structure of the surface of ligaments by SEM, distinguishing the precipitates of newly formed copper by in situ reduction of oxides from the step pattern on the surface of ligaments formed due to active surface diffusion [6] is sometimes quite difficult.…”

Novel Ti based metal matrix composites reinforced with Al–Cr–Fe quasicrystals approximants

“…There are dark-grey-dark regions (q 5 q 4 q 3 in Fig. 6b) present around large Al-Cr-Fe particles, which are identified as TiAl, Cr 2 Ti and L1 2 [with a composition of Al-25?8Ti-6?1Cr-8?4Fe (at-%)] by EDX analysis and phase diagram analysis 21,22 while only TiAl regions were found around small Al-Cr-Fe particles. During the initial stage of sintering, plasma in the small gaps between particles can bring about evaporation and melting of the surfaces of these powders.…”