Effect of Pulses Distribution in a Buck Converter Controlled with Pulse Skipping Modulation

Ciani, Lorenzo; Catelani, Marcantonio; Bartolini, Alessandro; Corti, Fabio; Guidi, Giulia; Patrizi, Gabriele; Reatti, Alberto

doi:10.1109/cpe-powereng50821.2021.9501084

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…One of the most relevant aspects influencing the converter performance is its modulation. Pulseskipping modulation (PSM), for example, operates similarly to pulse width modulation (PWM), but some cycles are skipped to regulate the output voltage [6]. Due to the reduced number of pulses, the switching losses are reduced, and, therefore, PSM represents a suitable modulation technique for those applications where high conversion efficiency at lights load is required, such as wireless sensor networks [7], energy harvesting [8][9][10][11] and photovoltaic systems [12][13][14][15].…”

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Modelling of a pulse‐skipping modulated DC–DC buck converter

Corti

Laudani²,

Lozito

et al. 2022

IET Power Electronics

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This paper presents an accurate averaged model of a Buck converter controlled via pulseskipping modulation (PSM). The derived model includes the parasitic elements of the circuit components, and it is not yet given in the literature. Output capacitor voltage and inductor current are analysed under steady-state operation by deriving the expressions of average and ripple amplitude values. The accuracy improvements introduced by the proposed model are validated by comparison against models existing in the literature. A design procedure based on the proposed model is formulated and experimentally validated. The expressions for the control-to-output and the input-to-output network functions, both including the parasitic components of the converter circuit, are derived and utilized to exploit the circuit dynamic behaviour in the frequency domain. INTRODUCTIONMany modern electronic applications involve devices that must remain active for their whole useful life. During most of their operating life, these circuits are operated under 'sleep' or 'standby' modes [1]. In these cases, a high efficiency conversion must be ensured even at light load operations [2]. As known, the conversion efficiency of a DC-DC converter is higher at heavy load but drastically reduces when the converter operates at light loads. For this reason, several efforts have been spent to improve the conversion efficiency of DC-DC converters when operated at light loads [3][4][5]. One of the most relevant aspects influencing the converter performance is its modulation. Pulseskipping modulation (PSM), for example, operates similarly to pulse width modulation (PWM), but some cycles are skipped to regulate the output voltage [6]. Due to the reduced number of pulses, the switching losses are reduced, and, therefore, PSM represents a suitable modulation technique for those applications where high conversion efficiency at lights load is required, such as wireless sensor networks [7], energy harvesting [8][9][10][11] and photovoltaic systems [12][13][14][15]. Differently from the PWM modulation, the PSM technique is not yet widely studied in literature. Only a few works related to steady-state models have been proposed. In [16], the efficiency of a Flyback converter driven by the PSM and PWMThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Modelling of a pulse‐skipping modulated DC–DC buck converter

Corti

Laudani²,

Lozito

et al. 2022

IET Power Electronics

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High‐frequency digitally adaptive pulse skipping modulated voltage‐mode controlled quadratic buck converter

Kumar Gupta,

Chandra Mandi

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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The quadratic buck converter is renowned for its steep step‐down capability. It encounters increased losses due to its high component count. In scenarios with light loads, switching losses become the dominant factor. Additionally, the presence of two right‐half plane zeros impairs transient response, even at high‐frequency switching operations. Incorporating this converter into the digital domain introduces an undesired phenomenon known as subharmonic oscillation, rendering the system unstable, albeit potentially mitigated over time—a drawback particularly undesirable for converters tasked with rapid load dynamics. This paper introduces an adaptive pulse skipping modulation scheme to control metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) switching actions, enhancing overall efficiency in discontinuous conduction mode. Furthermore, the effects of right half‐plane (RHP) zeros on stability are analyzed within these switching schemes. The proposed scheme is integrated with voltage‐mode control. Simulation and theoretical analyses are conducted to validate this converter. A flat efficiency of 89% to 86% for the load range of 25 to 700 mA is obtained, outperforming other existing schemes. The results demonstrate that the adaptive pulse modulation scheme effectively improves efficiency and stability in discontinuous conduction mode converters. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing power electronics systems with varying load dynamics.

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