Effect of quantity and quality of pre-exercise carbohydrate meals on central fatigue

Khong, T. K.; Selvanayagam, Victor S; Hamzah, Sareena Hanim; Yusof, Ashril

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00221.2018

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Factors that influence central fatigue may be important during short-duration exercise, which is not limited by glycogen depletion. Central fatigue may be reduced by ingesting CHO [43] or branched-chain amino acids [44]. In our study work capacity was not influenced by pre-exercise CHO or protein ingestion, but it is possible that longer-duration exercise would have revealed differences between treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Ingestion Influences Substrate Oxidation but Not Performance or Hunger Compared with Cycling in the Fasted State

et al. 2021

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Nutritional intake can influence exercise metabolism and performance, but there is a lack of research comparing protein-rich pre-exercise meals with endurance exercise performed both in the fasted state and following a carbohydrate-rich breakfast. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three pre-exercise nutrition strategies on metabolism and exercise capacity during cycling. On three occasions, seventeen trained male cyclists (VO2peak 62.2 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, 31.2 ± 12.4 years, 74.8 ± 9.6 kg) performed twenty minutes of submaximal cycling (4 × 5 min stages at 60%, 80%, and 100% of ventilatory threshold (VT), and 20% of the difference between power at the VT and peak power), followed by 3 × 3 min intervals at 80% peak aerobic power and 3 × 3 min intervals at maximal effort, 30 min after consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal (CARB; 1 g/kg CHO), a protein-rich meal (PROTEIN; 0.45 g/kg protein + 0.24 g/kg fat), or water (FASTED), in a randomized and counter-balanced order. Fat oxidation was lower for CARB compared with FASTED at and below the VT, and compared with PROTEIN at 60% VT. There were no differences between trials for average power during high-intensity intervals (367 ± 51 W, p = 0.516). Oxidative stress (F2-Isoprostanes), perceived exertion, and hunger were not different between trials. Overall, exercising in the overnight-fasted state increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared with exercise following a CHO-rich breakfast, and pre-exercise protein ingestion allowed similarly high levels of fat oxidation. There were no differences in perceived exertion, hunger, or performance, and we provide novel data showing no influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on exercise-induced oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Ingestion Influences Substrate Oxidation but Not Performance or Hunger Compared with Cycling in the Fasted State

et al. 2021

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“…We detected kynurenine both in serum and feces, but it was not significantly modified by exercise in either compartment. While several studies have attempted to modify tryptophan levels in blood to delay central fatigue [30][31][32] , to the best of our knowledge no microbiota-based strategy has been proposed to increase circulating tryptophan levels. As mentioned, the microbiota plays an important role in tryptophan biosynthesis and catabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

Tabone

Bressa

García-Merino

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Physical exercise can produce changes in the microbiota, conferring health benefits through mechanisms that are not fully understood. We sought to determine the changes driven by exercise on the gut microbiota and on the serum and fecal metabolome using 16S rRNA gene analysis and untargeted metabolomics. A total of 85 serum and 12 fecal metabolites and six bacterial taxa (Romboutsia, Escherichia coli TOP498, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Clostridium phoceensis) were modified following a controlled acute exercise session. Among the bacterial taxa, Ruminiclostridium 9 was the most influenced by fecal and serum metabolites, as revealed by linear multivariate regression analysis. Exercise significantly increased the fecal ammonia content. Functional analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and the arginine and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathways were the most relevant modified pathways in serum, whereas the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was the most relevant pathway modified in feces. Correlation analysis between fecal and serum metabolites suggested an exchange of metabolites between both compartments. Thus, the performance of a single exercise bout in cross-country non-professional athletes produces significant changes in the microbiota and in the serum and fecal metabolome, which may have health implications.

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“…Thirty minutes of cycling at 70% VO 2 max was selected for the following reasons: first, the duration of 30 min was chosen because it is the minimum amount of time for an endurance exercise in which a CHO mouth rinse has been observed to improve exercise performance, as reviewed by Jeukendrup, Rollo, and Carter (2013). Second, the exercise intensity of 70% VO 2 max was chosen because it is sufficient to induce a lower force output post exercise (Khong, Selvanayagam, Hamzah, & Yusof, 2018). A 1-minute gaseous Effect of Glucose and Sodium Chloride Mouth Rinses on Neuromuscular Fatigue 225 exchange was collected every 5 min during the cycle using the COSMED Quark CPET metabolic cart (Rome, Italy) and presented in Figure 1, and the cycle ergometer's (Monark 828E, Sweden) load was adjusted against a set RPM (60) to ensure that exercise intensity (70% VO 2 max) was maintained throughout each trial; when the VO 2 value is >73% of VO 2 max the load was decreased and when the VO 2 value was 67% < of VO 2 max the load was increased.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study

Khong

Selvanayagam

Yusof

2020

European Journal of Sport Science

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Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve endurance performance and maintain the central drive of contracting muscles. Salt (NaCl) mouth rinse solution, often used in dentistry to desensitise the oral cavity to pain, could also activate cortical areas of the brain. Hence, the objective of this preliminary study was to investigate whether CHO (glucose) and NaCl mouth rinses could attenuate the reduction in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sustained MVC (sMVC) following an endurance exercise (30-minute cycling at 70% VO 2 max). Ten subjects (male, age: 22 ± 1 years, weight: 65.3 ± 12.4 kg, height: 164.5 ± 7.5 cm, VO 2 max: 48.3 ± 6.1 mL kg −1 min −1 ) completed three trials of 30minute cycling exercise. In a randomised cross-over study, in each trial, the participants rinsed using either water, 6% glucose, or 6% NaCl solution for 5 s immediately prior to and every 10 min during the cycling exercise. The MVC and sMVC were measured pre and post cycling. Analysis of variance showed significant interaction and time effects for MVC, while for sMVC there was a significant interaction with time and group effects. Both MVC and sMVC were higher post cycling in the glucose and NaCl groups compared to the water group, which suggests that activation of glucose and NaCl oral receptors could better preserve post-exercise force production. This is the first study to show that NaCl mouth rinse can produce a comparable effect on glucose. Hence, mouth rinses may be able to activate other distinct pathways that could attenuate fatigue.

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Effect of quantity and quality of pre-exercise carbohydrate meals on central fatigue

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Ingestion Influences Substrate Oxidation but Not Performance or Hunger Compared with Cycling in the Fasted State

Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate or Protein Ingestion Influences Substrate Oxidation but Not Performance or Hunger Compared with Cycling in the Fasted State

The effect of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the serum and fecal metabolomes and the gut microbiota of cross-country endurance athletes

Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study

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