Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Fluorine Atoms on Selected Weed Species

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of four structurally different quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), i.e., tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA][BF4], tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate [THA][BF4], tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [TBA][PF6], and tetrahexylammonium hexafluorophosphate [THA][PF6], on the growth and development of three weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.). The examined compounds were applied in the form of foliar spraying and soil application. Strong herbicidal properties of the examined compounds were demonstrated in case of their soil application. Growth inhibition of plant shoots and roots was greater with soil application than with foliar treatment. The strongest herbicidal activity of compounds was demonstrated with [TBA][BF4] have demonstrated [TBA][BF4] and [TBA][PF6] applied to the soil, while [THA][BF4] demonstrated the weakest herbicidal action. The increased concentration of applied QASs caused a decrease in the assimilation pigments, change in dry weight content and inhibition of length of shoots and roots.

Application of commercial biocides to lichens: Does a physiological recovery occur over time?

“…; other studies reported the occurrence of toxic effects on the physiology of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Jing et al, 2012;Liang et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2010). Negative effects of QACs on chlorophylls and carotenoids have been reported also in higher plants, with damages being doseand time-dependent (Biczak et al, 2017).…”

An Overview on Phytotoxic Perspective of Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: The Role of Chemical Structure in the Phytotoxicity

“…Pawlowska et al [26] investigated the inhibitory effect of ILs containing asymmetric cations (ammonium) on the photosynthetic pigment production of common radish and spring barley. Biczak et al [107] studied the impact of the anion of quaternary ammonium salts with a fluorine atom on selected weeds species. Greater reduction of chlorophyll pigments occurred due to [PF 6 ] containing quaternary ammonium salt.…”

“…Biczak et al. 107 studied the impact of the anion of quaternary ammonium salts with a fluorine atom on selected weeds species. Greater reduction of chlorophyll pigments occurred due to [PF 6 ] containing quaternary ammonium salt.…”

Tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate electrolyte as poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) plasticizer: Thermal degradation and optical characteristics

“…It is water-soluble electrolyte with high-degree of interand intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. It has been successfully used extensively in electrochemistry, not only as a support electrolyte in aqueous and non-aqueous solvent systems, but also in many different electrochemical methods of analytical and industrial interest [13][14][15].…”