Effect of ractopamine on carcass characteristics and joint-cartilage soundness in finishing pigs

He, Ping; Aherne, F. X.; Thompson, James R.; Schaefer, A. L.; Merrill, J. K.

doi:10.4141/cjas93-016

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Average daily gain was not affected by RAC in this study, which is consistent with reports by Aalhus et al (1990) and Yen et al (1990). However, a number of other studies (He et al, 1993;Crome et al, 1996;Xiao et al, 1999) have reported that RAC increased ADG.…”

Section: Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Paylean, the trade name for the repartitioning agent ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN), was approved by the FDA for use in finishing swine in 1999. Research has shown that RAC improves live performance in swine by increasing ADG (Stites et al, 1991;He et al, 1993;Dunshea et al, 1998), decreasing ADFI (Crenshaw et al, 1987;Aal-1361 LEAN than in FAT pigs, phenotype did not (P = 0.08) affect overall ADG. Dietary RAC decreased (P ≤ 0.05) ADFI over the 28-d feeding trial, as well as in wk 2, 3, and 4, but intake was not (P > 0.20) affected by phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In conclusion, RAC enhanced the performance of finishing swine through decreased ADFI and increased G:F, whereas carcass lean was enhanced through decreases in carcass fat and increases in carcass muscling. hus et al, 1990), improving G:F (Watkins et al, 1990;He et al, 1993;Dunshea et al, 1998), and simultaneously increasing carcass lean-to-fat ratio (Watkins et al, 1990; Bark et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ractopamine on performance and composition of pigs phenotypically sorted into fat and lean groups1

Mimbs

Pringle

Azain

et al. 2005

Journal of Animal Science

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Crossbred barrows (n = 144; 80 kg) from four farrowing groups were phenotypically selected into fat (FAT) and lean (LEAN) pens using ultrasound. The difference in 10th-rib fat depth between the LEAN and FAT groups was > or =0.5 cm. Within a farrowing group, pigs were assigned to pens (five pigs per pen and eight pens per phenotype) to equalize pen weight and fat depth. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 19% CP, 1.0% added animal/vegetable fat, and 1.1% lysine (as-fed basis). Half the pens received 10 ppm (as-fed basis) of ractopamine (RAC) during the 28-d finishing phase. At 7-d intervals, live weight and feed disappearance were recorded to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F, and 10th-rib fat depth and LM area were ultrasonically measured to calculate fat-free lean and fat and muscle accretion rates. During the first 7 d on feed, LEAN pigs fed RAC gained less (P < 0.05) than FAT pigs fed RAC or LEAN and FAT pigs fed the control diet (RAC x phenotype; P = 0.02); however, RAC did not (P > 0.25) affect ADG after the second, third, and fourth weeks, or over the entire 28-d feeding period. Although wk-2 and -3 ADG were higher (P < or = 0.03) in LEAN than in FAT pigs, phenotype did not (P = 0.08) affect overall ADG. Dietary RAC decreased (P < or = 0.05) ADFI over the 28-d feeding trial, as well as in wk 2, 3, and 4, but intake was not (P > 0.20) affected by phenotype. Neither RAC nor phenotype affected (P > 0.10) G:F after 7 d on trial; however, RAC improved (P < or = 0.04) wk-3, wk-4, and overall G:F. Lean pigs were more efficient (P < or = 0.05) in wk 2 and 3 and over the duration of the trial than FAT pigs. Ultrasound LM accretion (ULA) was not (P > or = 0.10) affected by RAC; however, LEAN pigs had greater (P < or = 0.02) ULA in wk 2 and 4 than FAT pigs. Although fat depth was lower (P < 0.01) in RAC-fed pigs than pigs fed the control diet, ultrasound fat accretion rate indicated that RAC-pigs deposited less (P = 0.04) fat only during wk 4. In addition, calculated fat-free lean (using ultrasound body fat, ULA, and BW) was increased (P < 0.05) in RAC pigs after 3 and 4 wk of supplementation. In conclusion, RAC enhanced the performance of finishing swine through decreased ADFI and increased G:F, whereas carcass lean was enhanced through decreases in carcass fat and increases in carcass muscling.

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Section: Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of ractopamine on performance and composition of pigs phenotypically sorted into fat and lean groups1

Mimbs

Pringle

Azain

et al. 2005

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Ractopamine has been shown to improve the efficiency of feed utilization in pigs (WATKINS et al, 1990;HE et al, 1993;DUNSHEA et al, 1998). In the present study, ractopamine treatment resulted in an improvement in the efficiency of protein deposition.…”

Section: Validation Studysupporting

confidence: 52%

Efficiency of energy and protein deposition in swine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Mitchell

Scholz²

2008

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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A series of studies were conducted using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure energy and protein deposition in pigs. In an initial validation study DXA was compared directly with slaughter analysis as a method for measuring energy deposition in pigs. During growth from 30 to 60 kg the mean value for carcass energy deposition measured by DXA was 251 MJ compared to 249 MJ by chemical analysis (R 2 =0.94). Subsequently it was shown that both compensatory growth and the addition of ractopamine to the diet resulted in an improvement in efficiency of protein deposition (PE), however, ractopamine also resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of energy deposition (k g ). Another study was conducted to compare the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy and protein by control and IGF-I transgenic pigs in response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Addition of CLA to the diet resulted in a reduction in k g , though there was no difference in k g based on genotype or sex. The PE was higher (P<0.05) in the IGF-I transgenic pigs. DXA was also used to assess energy deposition in pigs that were either homozygous stress non-sensitive (NN), heterozygous (Nn) or homozygous stress sensitive (nn). During growth from 30 to 60 kg or 60 to 90 kg there were no differences in the efficiency of either energy or protein deposition. In conclusion, DXA can be used to replace the comparative slaughter technique for measuring energy and protein deposition in pigs, thus this approach is useful for identifying differences in energy and protein deposition in pigs of different genotypes or when subjected to various dietary treatments.

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“…Ractopamine has been shown to improve the efficiency of feed utilization (FGR) in pigs (Watkins et al, 1990;He et al, 1993;Dunshea et al, 1998). In the present study, ractopamine treatment resulted in an improvement in both feed efficiency and the efficiency of PE.…”

Section: Efficiency or Energy And Protein Depositionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Effect or ractopamine on growth and body composition of pigs during compensatory growth

Mitchell

2009

Animal

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The purpose of this study was to measure the growth and body composition of pigs during normal or compensatory growth from 60 to 100 kg, without (cont) or with ractopamine (rac) supplementation (20 mg/kg of diet). Thirty-four pigs were scanned by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition analysis at a starting weight of 61.4 6 0.3 kg and at a final weight of 100.4 6 0.5 kg. Half the pigs were fed ad libitum throughout (8 cont and 9 rac). The other half were fed at maintenance for 8 weeks and then scanned again by DXA. Following the maintenance feeding, the pigs were fed ad libitum (9 cont and 8 rac) to the final weight. Compensatory growth resulted in a 30% increase in the rate of weight gain (1.23 v. 0.94 kg/day, P , 0.05), including a 44% increase in the rate of lean tissue deposition (0.90 v. 0.62 kg/day, P , 0.05), but no change in the rate of fat deposition (0.31 v. 0.30 kg/day, P . 0.05). Feeding rac resulted in a 13% increase in the rate of weight gain (1.15 v. 1.02 kg/ day, P , 0.05), consisting of a 29% increase in the rate of lean tissue deposition (0.86 v. 0.67 kg/day, P , 0.05) and an 18% reduction in the rate of fat deposition (0.27 v. 0.33 kg/day, P , 0.05). The effects of ractopamine on the rates of fat and lean tissue deposition were similar for pigs continuously fed ad libitum and those experiencing compensatory growth. Both compensatory growth and the addition of ractopamine to the diet resulted in an improvement in efficiency of protein deposition; however, ractopamine also resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of energy deposition. For both growth rate and lean tissue deposition, there was an additive effect for ractopamine and compensatory growth. Thus, feeding ractopamine will enhance the growth and body composition during compensatory growth in swine.

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Effect of ractopamine on carcass characteristics and joint-cartilage soundness in finishing pigs

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of ractopamine on performance and composition of pigs phenotypically sorted into fat and lean groups1

Effects of ractopamine on performance and composition of pigs phenotypically sorted into fat and lean groups1

Efficiency of energy and protein deposition in swine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Effect or ractopamine on growth and body composition of pigs during compensatory growth

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