Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults

Shariatpanahi, Zahra Vahdat; Shahbazi, Shaahin; Hossaini, Alireza; Abadi, Ashraf H.

doi:10.1017/s000711450787231x

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Regarding insulin sensitivity, our results in healthy subjects are in line with the findings of Bahijri et al obtained in healthy subjects (10), with the findings of Shariatpanahi et al obtained in subjects with metabolic syndrome (18), with the findings of Unalacak et al obtained in nonobese healthy male subjects (24), and with the results of Yarahmadi et al in patients with type 2 diabetes (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Possible metabolic impact of Ramadan fasting in healthy men

Vardarli¹,

Hammes²,

Vardarli³

2014

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/aim: Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function during Ramadan fasting in healthy male subjects have not been investigated so far. We assessed the changes of these and other metabolic parameters to judge the potential metabolic benefits of Ramadan fasting.Materials and methods: Twenty-four healthy males of Turkish origin living in Germany, with normal glucose tolerance, participated in this study during Ramadan of 2009; 19 who completed fasting were analyzed. Blood was drawn at sunset after a period of fasting lasting approximately 15 h on days 0, 16, and 30 of Ramadan, as well as 7 and 28 days later. Insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis Model Assessment, HOMA), β-cell function, and other parameters were assessed.Results: Ramadan fasting was associated with a significant reduction (-) or increment (+) for the following variables: insulin sensitivity (-20%; P = 0.04), β-cell function (+10%; P = 0.049), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-23%; P = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+14%; P = 0.007), nonesterified fatty acids (-62%; P < 0.0001), resistin (-20%; P = 0.01), adiponectin (+16%; P = 0.003), and glucagon (-21%; P = 0.01). C-peptide, insulin, leptin, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not significantly changed. Conclusion:Ramadan fasting is associated with transiently impaired insulin sensitivity, compensated for by an increased β-cell function. However, the pattern of insulin resistance-mediating adipocytokines suggests a potentially beneficial metabolic effect of Ramadan fasting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Shariatpanahi et al found that Ramadan fasting is associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity (1/HOMA-IR) in patients with metabolic syndrome (18). Yarahmadi et al described that insulin resistance significantly decreased during Ramadan fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible metabolic impact of Ramadan fasting in healthy men

Vardarli¹,

Hammes²,

Vardarli³

2014

Turk J Med Sci

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“…Another survey showed a downward trend in second week of Ramadan in comparison to baseline, however, it increased significantly after Ramadan (8). Similar results have been reported about normal controls in Jordan, while other studies have attributed the weight loss during Ramadan to lower calorie intake (16,17). It is possible that the weight loss is due to the efficient utilization of body fat during fasting.…”

Section: Body Weight and Body Mass Indexsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition

et al. 2014

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Context:Ramadan is the month of fasting in Islam. Fasting is a religious duty for all healthy adult Muslims. During this month, strong persons abstain from different kinds of food and beverage, from sunrise until sunset. They usually eat a larger (300-700 kcal) meal after sunset and a lighter meal (200-500 kcal) before sunrise. Fasting lowers body weight, body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI). It can elevate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Al-Hourani HM studies showed that body weight and BMI decreased significantly during fasting. Body weight reduction has been reported quite frequently, whereas, the relationship between weight reduction and loss of body fat has not been studied. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of fasting on several anthropometric parameters on human body, supported by the evidence-based scientific manuscripts. Evidence Acquisition: Conducting any survey in any scientific field has its own limitations. Carrying out a study in holy Ramadan, with its special circumstances, like altering daily nutritional patterns, fasting hours, less number of daily meals and declining physical activities imposes limitations on any research in this field. Results: The basic information regarding changes in dietary intake and body composition are as follows: the majority of Muslims typically consume two meals per day during this month, including one just before dawn and another one after sunset. However, most studies demonstrated that fasting, in people without health problems, causes dramatic changes in body composition. Conclusions: It can be concluded that fasting has various impacts on different individuals. These variations are highly dependent on daily nutritional habits and the season that Ramadan occurs in.Keywords:Fasting; Body weight; Body Mass Index; Islam Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: The aim of this review is to describe the effects of fasting on several anthropometric parameters on human body, supported by the evidence-based scientific manuscripts.

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“…Adult men with the metabolic syndrome were studied during this month, in which 58% of their TEI was consumed in the evening. 106 Self-reported TEI was reduced by ≈56 kcal/d, and body weight and waist circumference decreased by 2.4% during the month of Ramadan. Fasting plasma glucose and systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased, and HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity increased, but fasting plasma insulin, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR did not change.…”

Section: Meal Timing and Cardiometabolic Risk: Clinical Intervention mentioning

confidence: 92%

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

St‐Onge¹,

Ard²,

Baskin³

et al. 2017

Circulation

569

474

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Eating patterns are increasingly varied. Typical breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are difficult to distinguish because skipping meals and snacking have become more prevalent. Such eating styles can have various effects on cardiometabolic health markers, namely obesity, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. In this statement, we review the cardiometabolic health effects of specific eating patterns: skipping breakfast, intermittent fasting, meal frequency (number of daily eating occasions), and timing of eating occasions. Furthermore, we propose definitions for meals, snacks, and eating occasions for use in research. Finally, data suggest that irregular eating patterns appear less favorable for achieving a healthy cardiometabolic profile. Intentional eating with mindful attention to the timing and frequency of eating occasions could lead to healthier lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management.T he patterns of meal and snack eating behavior in American adults have changed over the past 40 years. Based on NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) data from 1971 to 1974 to 2009 to 2010 (n=62 298), women 20 to 74 years of age reported a decrease in 24-hour meal-derived total energy intake (TEI) from 82% in the 1970s to 77% in 2009 to 2010 and an increase in the proportion of TEI consumed from snacks from 18% to 23%.1 Similar trends were reported among men. The proportion of men and women who reported consuming all 3 standard meals declined over this period (from 73% to 59% in men; from 75% to 63% in women), 1 reflecting changes in eating patterns rather than changes in eating frequency. Indeed, the traditional breakfast-lunch-dinner pattern was not observed in a population of healthy, non-shift-working adults. 2 In that study, the number of eating occasions, defined as consumption of any food or beverage providing at least 5 kcal, was ≈4.2 times a day in the lowest decile and 10.5 times a day for the top decile. There were only 5 hours during the 24-hour day when <1% of all eating occasions occurred: between 1 and 6 am. This study clearly demonstrated that adults in the United States eat around the clock. Because feeding and fasting entrain clock genes, which regulate all aspects of metabolism, meal timing can have serious implications for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. 3,4 The circadian rhythms of the body are controlled by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus but also by clocks of peripheral organs. Although the master clock is strongly entrained by light, clocks of peripheral organs are additionally responsive to food supply, and temporal restriction of food can reset clock gene rhythms. In mice, food given in the normal sleeping period can uncouple peripheral clocks from the master clock. 5 In fact, time-restricted feeding CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINESin mice alters the robustness and coherence of rhythmic gene transcripts, 6 which may be relevant for cardiom...

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Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

Possible metabolic impact of Ramadan fasting in healthy men

Possible metabolic impact of Ramadan fasting in healthy men

The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Body Composition

Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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