Effect of rare earth Ce on the isothermal oxidation behavior in air of arsenic bearing steels

Xin, Wenbin; Zhang, Jing; Jiang, Yinju; Deng, Yongchun; Meng, Qingyong; Song, Bo

doi:10.1051/metal/2019004

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Another reason may be that martensitic transformation is a displacement-type transformation and is affected by interface energy. The enrichment of rare earth yttrium at the grain boundary reduces the interfacial energy, which weakens the thermal activation condition of martensitic transformation, hinders martensitic transformation, and increases the content of austenite [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2022

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In the present work, PH13-8Mo stainless steel parts without yttrium and with yttrium (Y) were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure, phase composition and grain orientation of the stainless steels parts with Y and without Y were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The characterization results revealed that the addition of Y clearly refined the grain size of the PH13-8Mo steel formed part, resulting in more equiaxed massive grains and in a less anisotropic microstructure. PH13-8Mo stainless steel formed parts were mainly composed of martensite and retained austenite. The addition of Y could significantly increase the content of retained austenite and also generate nano-sized precipitates containing Y. The mechanical test results showed that both strength and toughness of the shaped parts containing Y were improved synergistically. The yield strength reached 1443 MPa, the elongation was 12.2%, and the room temperature impact energy reached 124.25 J/cm2. The strengthening and toughening by Y of the formed parts were mainly attributed to grain refinement, higher volume fraction of the retained austenite and the formation of nano-sized precipitates containing Y.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2022

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“…These elements are very hard to remove during the mainstream steelmaking process. Arsenic is easy to segregate to phase and grain boundaries in the solidification, heat treatment, oxidation, and cooling process [3][4][5][6]. These arsenic-rich grain boundaries are potential crack sources under high temperatures because of the low melting point of arsenic, and the segregation of arsenic significantly reduces the binding force of grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Metals

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Trace element arsenic is detrimental to the quality and properties of steel products. We used lanthanum to modify the distribution of arsenic by the formation of arsenic rare earth inclusions and investigated all inclusions on the full profile of the ingots prepared in the laboratory. The results show that the addition of lanthanum has dramatically influenced the distribution of arsenic in the ingots by the formation of arsenic inclusions. The arsenic inclusions turn out to be mainly the cluster-shaped La-S-As, as well as its composite inclusions combined with LaS and La-As. La-S-As can be considered a solid solution of LaS and LaAs. They distribute mainly at the top surface of the ingots within 3 mm, at the side and bottom surfaces within 1.5 mm, leading to a dramatic decrease of arsenic concentration at the inner part of the ingots. This distribution characteristic of La-S-As can be used to manufacture steel ingots with very low arsenic concentration by peeling off these (La-S-As)-containing layers. On the contrary, the distribution of composite inclusions (La-S-As)-(La-As) and single-phase La-As, is uniform. Except for the reaction with arsenic, lanthanum can also react with phosphorous and antimony to modify the existing state of these trace elements.

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“…Lanthanum and cerium, rich in reserves and relatively cheap, have been widely used in the iron and steel industry. [8][9][10][11][12] Baogang Group alone in China produces nearly ten million tons of RE-containing steel annually. The method by using REs to react with arsenic to generate inclusions can remove a part of arsenic; it generally requires a high addition amount of REs though.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steel-refractory Reactions on Removal of Arsenic from Molten Steel with Lanthanum Additions

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

ISIJ Int.

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To formulate strategies to remove arsenic from molten steel by adding rare earth elements (REs), the evolution of inclusions in steel with different lanthanum additions was studied, and the effect of reactions between lanthanum and magnesium crucibles on the removal of arsenic was discussed. The results show that the addition of lanthanum can remove arsenic from molten steel, but steel-refractory reactions dramatically influenced the removal effect. The arsenic removal was determined by the generation of La-S-As. The reactions between lanthanum and magnesia crucibles partly consumed lanthanum and decreased its effective concentration acting on arsenic. Further, the reaction product dissolved magnesium consumed a part of sulfur that was disadvantageous for the formation of La-S-As. Besides, a sequence of reactions existed after the addition of lanthanum. The original Si-Mn-Al-O inclusions were changed to lanthanumcontaining oxides first and then to MgO-rich oxides. The reaction to generate La-S-As mainly took place within 5 min. The consumption of REs by crucible refractories is an important issue that needs consideration. Alumina crucibles are more favored over magnesia crucibles when using REs to remove arsenic from molten steel.

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Effect of rare earth Ce on the isothermal oxidation behavior in air of arsenic bearing steels

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Effect of Yttrium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PH13-8Mo Stainless Steels Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Distribution of Arsenic Inclusions in Rare Earth Steel Ingots

Effect of Steel-refractory Reactions on Removal of Arsenic from Molten Steel with Lanthanum Additions

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