Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Properties and Behavior of Wood Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions

Beck-Candanedo, Stephanie; Roman, Maren; Gray, Derek G.

doi:10.1021/bm049300p

Cited by 1,451 publications

(1,142 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The use of sulphuric acid in the hydrolysis of cellulose introduces negatively charged sulphate halfester groups on the surface of the cellulose nanocrystals and affects the charge of the particle surfaces (Beck-Candanedo et al 2005). The content of sulphate esters was determined by conductometric titration with 0.01 M sodium hydroxide at a cellulose content of 0.1 wt% in the suspension.…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroosmotic dewatering of cellulose nanocrystals

et al. 2018

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One of the main challenges for industrial production of cellulose nanocrystals is the high energy demand during the dewatering of dilute aqueous suspensions. It is addressed in this study by utilising electroosmotic dewatering to increase the solid content of suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals. The solid content was increased from 2.3 up to 15.3 wt%, i.e. removal of more than 85% of all the water present in the system, at a much lower energy demand than that of thermal drying. Increasing the strength of the electric field increased not only the dewatering rate but also the specific energy demand of the dewatering operation: the electric field strength used in potential industrial applications is thus a trade-off between the rate of dewatering and the energy demand. Additionally, it was found that high local current intensity had the potential of degrading cellulose nanocrystals in contact with the anode. The maximum strength of the electric field applied should therefore be limited depending on the equipment design and the suspension conditions.

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Section: Characterisation Of the Cellulose Nanocrystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroosmotic dewatering of cellulose nanocrystals

et al. 2018

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“…(Beck-Candanedo et al 2005;Rånby 1951), The common cellulose source for CNC is wood but other sources such as annual plants and tunicates have also been used for CNC production (Klemm et al 2011;Moon et al 2011). The length of a CNC can typically be a few hundred nm with a width between 3 and 20 nm (Chauve and Jean 2014;Herrera et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The length of a CNC can typically be a few hundred nm with a width between 3 and 20 nm (Chauve and Jean 2014;Herrera et al 2012). Sulphuric acid is commonly used for the hydrolysis of the cellulose fibres/fibrils and this converts some of the surface hydroxyl groups on the CNC to negatively charged sulphate ester units (Beck-Candanedo et al 2005). The charged groups contribute to the stability of the aqueous CNC dispersion, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface treatment of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): effects on dispersion rheology

et al. 2017

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were surface modified by grafting azetidinium salts onto the sulphate ester groups on the cellulosic surfaces. The modified CNC were characterized using NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, conductometric titration and measurement of the f-potential. Thermal gravimetrical analysis revealed that the onset temperature for the thermal degradation was shifted upwards by almost 100°C as a result of the surface grafting. The rheological properties of dispersions based on unmodified and modified CNC were evaluated in detail. Two solids contents were studied; 0.65 and 1.3 wt%. In general, the grafting of the salts significantly increased the shear viscosity at a given shear rate as well as the storage and loss moduli of the dispersions. The CNC concentration at the gel point (network formation) decreased in a corresponding manner when the nanocellulosic particles were surface modified. This may be associated with pronounced hydrophobic attractive interactions between the grafted substituents.

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“…Acidic hydrolysis is mainly realized with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen bromide. This method has several drawbacks, including difficulties in controlling the progress of the reaction [7,8] or quite intensive formation of sulfate ester groups at the surface of nanometric cellulose that in turn influences interactions at the nanometric cellulose/polymer matrix interface and decreases its thermal stability [9]. Not without significance is the necessity to use concentrated, toxic reagents and the subsequent separation of nanoparticles from such solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan nanocomposites with cellulose modified in ionic liquids

Grząbka-Zasadzińska

Amietszajew

Borysiak

2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this paper, ionic liquid treatment was applied to produce nanometric cellulose particles of two polymorphic forms. A complex characterization of nanofillers including wide-angle X-ray scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and particle size determination was performed. The evaluated ionic liquid treatment was effective in terms of nanocrystalline cellulose production, leaving chemical and supermolecular structure of the materials intact. However, nanocrystalline cellulose II was found to be more prone to ionic liquid hydrolysis leading to formation larger amount of small particles. Each nanocrystalline cellulose was subsequently mixed with a solution of chitosan, so that composite films containing 1, 3, and 5% mass/mass of nanometric filler were obtained. Reference samples of chitosan and chitosan with micrometric celluloses were also solvent casted. Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of films were tested and correlated with properties of filler used. The results of both, tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant discrepancy between composites filled with nanocrystalline cellulose I and nanocrystalline cellulose II.

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Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Properties and Behavior of Wood Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions

Cited by 1,451 publications

References 42 publications

Electroosmotic dewatering of cellulose nanocrystals

Electroosmotic dewatering of cellulose nanocrystals

Surface treatment of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): effects on dispersion rheology

Thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan nanocomposites with cellulose modified in ionic liquids

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