Effect of Red Ginseng on Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension and White Coat Hypertension

Han, Ki Hoon; Choe, Seong Choon; Kim, Hyo Soo; Sohn, Dae Won; Nam, Ki Yeul; Oh, Byung Hee; Lee, Myoung Mook; Park, Young Bae; Choi, Yun Shik; Seo, Jung Don; Lee, Young Woo

doi:10.1142/s0192415x98000257

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…16 As well, an 8-week nonrandomized trial demonstrated that 4.5 g/day of the natural KRG root significantly decreased BP in hypertensive individuals. 35 Furthermore, in a nonrandomized trial with young, normotensive adults, an aqueous extract of KRG root at a mean dose of 610 mg significantly decreased BP at 45, 60, and 75 minutes after intake. 34 Thus, although studies on ginseng and BP exist, the use of extracts and nonrandomized designs was common, which precluded an accurate assessment of efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…NAG is unique from P ginseng, which is the species that has been tested in other clinical interventions on ginseng and BP. 16,[33][34][35] After harvest, the root portion of NAG is dried, whereas the root portion of P ginseng is either dried or steamed, 1 with the steamed form being marketed as Korean red ginseng (KRG). Importantly, NAG contains a 3-to 5-times higher content of ginsenosides and different profile of ginsenosides than both forms of P ginseng.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 To date, 4 clinical interventions have tested the effect of P ginseng root on BP. 16,[33][34][35] Of these, 1 tested the dried root and showed that an aqueous-ethanol extract of it at 200 mg/day had no effect on BP in a 4-week RCT with young, normotensive adults. 33 In the case of steamed root, KRG, our group found that 3 g of the natural root could lower BP for 160 minutes relative to placebo in an RCT with hypertensive individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Intake of North American Ginseng Has No Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function

et al. 2006

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Abstract-Ginseng is consumed by 10% to 20% of adults in Asia and by up to 5% in Western countries. Despite observational evidence suggesting a link between its intake and the development of hypertension, there remains no long-term scrutiny for its effect on blood pressure (BP). We therefore undertook a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover trial in 52 hypertensive individuals to determine the effect of 12-week North American ginseng intake on 24-hour BP; we also measured serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function. After a 4-week placebo run-in, we randomly assigned 52 participants to 3 g/day of ginseng or placebo for 12 weeks. This was followed by an 8-week washout and a subsequent 12-week period in which the opposite treatment was administered. At run-in and at weeks 0 and 12 of each treatment period, participants were fitted with an ambulatory BP monitor to assess 24-hour BP. The primary outcome was the treatment difference at week 12 in mean 24-hour systolic BP. Secondary outcomes were treatment differences at week 12 in other ambulatory BP parameters and serum cystatin C. Forty participants (77%) completed the trial, with 3 removed from main analysis (nϭ2, antihypertensive drug changes; nϭ1, incomplete ambulatory monitoring). In the remaining 37, 12-week ginseng treatment was associated with a neutral effect on all ambulatory BP parameters compared with placebo; an intention-to-treat analysis supported this. Ginseng did not affect serum cystatin C level. Overall, long-term ginseng use had no effect on 24-hour BP and renal function in hypertensive individuals. It is also shown through randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to improve glycemic control 2 and cognitive function. 3 In contrast, however, there is repeated mention in the medical literature that ginseng can elevate blood pressure (BP). 4 -6 This stems from an early observational study by Siegel 7 that connected the self-reported use of ginseng to the development of hypertension in 14 individuals after 3 months of use. This possibility could have widespread impact, because ginseng is used by 10% to 20% of adults in Asia 8 -10 and by up to 5% in the United States, 11 Australia,12 and parts of Europe. 13 Furthermore, given that 20% to 40% of adults in these regions are estimated to have hypertension, 14 there is potential for overlap between the prevalence of ginseng use and hypertension. Still, there remains no longterm RCT investigation of the effect of ginseng on BP, and until such evaluations are undertaken, physicians will remain greatly limited in the advice they can provide to hypertensive individuals regarding ginseng use.Although many species of ginseng exist, Panax quinquefolius, or North American ginseng (NAG), and Panax ginseng together account for the majority of ginseng consumed worldwide. Recently, we demonstrated that single 3-g doses of NAG 15 and P ginseng 16 exert neutral and lowering effects on BP, respectively, for 160 minutes after intake. In the former study, 15 the neutral effect on BP was comprehensively ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-Term Intake of North American Ginseng Has No Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function

et al. 2006

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“…20,21 However, the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China recommends dosages of 3 to 9 g of the root as a tea, with higher dosages recommended for more debilitated patients. 22 Several clinical trials [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] (Table 1) have been performed using various doses from 40 to 800 mg of ginseng extract and 2 to 6 g of plant material. 38 In this study, we used a dosage of 800 mg per day to evaluate the safety and tolerability of PG in cancer patients for CRF.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

et al. 2015

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Introduction and Objective. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and severe symptom in patients with cancer. The number and efficacy of available treatments for CRF are limited. The objective of this preliminary study was to assess the safety of high-dose Panax ginseng (PG) for CRF. Methods. In this prospective, open-label study, 30 patients with CRF (≥4/10) received high-dose PG at 800 mg orally daily for 29 days. Frequency and type of side effects were determined by the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were assessed at baseline, day 15, and day 29. Global Symptom Evaluation (GSE) was assessed at day 29. Results. Of the 30 patients enrolled, 24 (80%) were evaluable. The median age was 58 years; 50% were females, and 84% were white. No severe (≥grade 3) adverse events related to the study drug were reported. Of the 24 evaluable patients, 21 (87%) had an improved (by ≥3 points) FACIT-F score by day 15. The mean ESAS score (standard deviation) for well-being improved from 4.67 (2.04) to 3.50 (2.34) ( P = .01374), and mean score for appetite improved from 4.29 (2.79) to 2.96 (2.46) ( P = .0097). GSE score of PG for fatigue was ≥3 in 15/24 patients (63%) with median improvement of 5. Conclusion. PG is safe and improves CRF fatigue as well as overall quality of life, appetite, and sleep at night. Randomized controlled trials of PG for CRF are justified.

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“…Ginseng has been used in the Asian pharmacopeia as a traditional medicinal plant for treating illness, restoring homeostasis, promoting longevity and, in particular, for controlling cardiovascular disease [26] . Han et al have reported that the oral administration of red ginseng decreases the systolic blood pressure, whereas the authors observed no obvious effect on diastolic blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients [27] . The active components and the underlying mechanisms of ginseng remain unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on isolated rat thoracic aorta

et al. 2016

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Aim: Ginsenosides are considered to be the major pharmacologically active ginseng constituents, whereas 20(S)-protopanaxadiol [20(S)-PPD] is the active metabolite of ginsenosides in gut. In this study we investigated the effect of 20(S)-PPD on isolated rat thoracic aortas as well as its vasorelaxant mechanisms. Methods: Aortic rings with or without endothelium were prepared from Wistar rats and suspended in organ-chambers. The changes in tension of the preparations were recorded through isometric transducers connected to a data acquisition system. The aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 µmol/L) or high-K + (80 mmol/L).

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Effect of Red Ginseng on Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension and White Coat Hypertension

Cited by 88 publications

References 10 publications

Long-Term Intake of North American Ginseng Has No Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function

Long-Term Intake of North American Ginseng Has No Effect on 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Renal Function

High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue

Endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol on isolated rat thoracic aorta

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