Effect of reduction conditions on electrocatalytic activity of a ternary PtNiCr/C catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

Pt–Co alloy nanoparticles synthesized on sulfur-modified carbon nanotubes as electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation reaction

“…For instance, Wang et al [29] observed that annealing of Pt 3 Co/C nanoparticles at 800°C under Ar/H 2 results in agglomerated particles with sizes over 20 nm; Liu et al [27] also have shown that particle size of Pt/C was increased from about 3 nm to 6.0 and 7.7 nm upon annealing at 200 and 500°C, respectively. Similar results have been observed by other groups [28,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. However, the results of the present work clearly show that the use of sulfur-modified CNTs in the synthesis of Pt and Pt-Co alloys have a considerable effect in reducing the sintering behavior of the catalyst nanoparticles.…”

“…These observations, in line with TEM and XRD results, clearly indicate the beneficial effect of sulfur-modified nanotubes for the preparation of Pt nanoparticles with smaller particle size and more uniform dispersion, in spite of using a high temperature (800°C) for the annealing/reduction of the catalysts. This is in contrast to previous reports in which, generally, high temperature treatment resulted in undesirable increase in mean particle size and in many cases broad particle size distribution [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], which generally resulted in a significant reduction in the active electrochemical surface area and, consequently, decreased Pt mass-based activity of the catalyst nanoparticles.…”

Improvement of methanol electro-oxidation activity of PtRu/C and PtNiCr/C catalysts by anodic treatment

“…The resulting annealed catalysts are named as "PtRu-900" and "PtNiCr-900" for the PtRu/C and PtNiCr/C catalysts, respectively. The PtNiCr-900 catalyst is the same sample discussed previously [29].…”

“…The PtRu/C ("PtRu-NaBH 4 ", Pt:Ru = 50:50 at.%) and PtNiCr/C ("PtNiCr-NaBH 4 ", Pt:Ni:Cr = 28:36:36 at.%) catalysts were synthesized by a NaBH 4 reduction method, which was discussed in detail previously [29]. Metal precursors were dissolved in a mixture of methanol and de-ionized ( solution was added to reduce the metal precursors.…”

Enhanced methanol electro-oxidation activity of PtNi alloy nanoparticles on the large surface area porous carbon

“…DMFC uses methanol and oxygen as anode and cathode reactant, respectively, to produce CO 2 , water and electricity [5]. Unlike other types of fuel cells which use hydrogen as an anode reactant, DMFC uses methanol as the anode fuel.…”