Effect of reduction roasting by using bio-char derived from empty fruit bunch on the magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore

Yunus, Nor Alafiza; Ani, Mohd Hanafi; Salleh, Hamzah Mohd.; Rashid, Rusila Zamani Abd; Akiyama, Tomohiro; Purwanto, Hadi; Othman, Nur Ezzah Faezah

doi:10.1007/s12613-014-0912-y

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Chen et al (2015) suggested that bio-coal reductants can be used to reduce the major phase in the limonitic laterite ore (Fe1.833(OH)0.5O2.5 and Fe2SiO4) into a metal phase, such as Fe, Fe0.64Ni0.36. Yunus et al (2014) suggested that empty fruit bunch derived bio-char can upgrade the magnetic properties of goethite-rich iron ore by temperature dependence serial reduction process of hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wustite (FeO). However, there is still no evidence explaining the corresponding phenomena other than the equilibrium explanation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Saprolitic Laterite Ore Reduction Process using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetics and Phase Transformation

Petrus¹,

Putera²,

Warmada³

et al. 2022

IJTech

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The performance and kinetic of saprolitic laterite reduction using palm kernel shell charcoal and anthracite were studied. The anthracite coal represents the conventional high-grade carbon content matter, and palm kernel shell charcoal represents biomass-based reductant. The experiment was conducted at a temperature ranging from 800 C and 1000 C. XRD analysis was applied to observe phase transformation. For the kinetic study, two models, namely (1) Jander and (2) Ginstling-Brounhstein diffusion model, were applied. The mineral phase results indicated that both reductants yield Magnetite from Goethite in the laterite. The best fit model is obtained by the Jander model with the energy activation of 33.68 kJ/mol for anthracite reductant and 10.99 -18.19 kJ/mol for palm kernel shell reductant, indicating that reduction is easier to occur using palm kernel shell.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Saprolitic Laterite Ore Reduction Process using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetics and Phase Transformation

Petrus¹,

Putera²,

Warmada³

et al. 2022

IJTech

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“…With the continuous exhaust of mineral resources and the stinger environmental requirements, the effective and environmental friendly utilization of valuable resources becomes a hot topic [3][4][5]. Many environmentally friendly methods for iron recovery and rare earth minerals decomposition have been so far attempted [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Numerous reviews have revealed that magnetizing roasting-low intensity magnetic separation is an effective method for the beneficiation of iron ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2019

Metall. Res. Technol.

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The influence of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 on magnetizing roasting of iron minerals and on the decomposition reactions of rare earth minerals during coal-based magnetizing roasting is explored in the present work. The effect of alkaline additives was determined by means of SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction methods in NaOH-Ca(OH)2-coal-tailings mixtures under optimal magnetizing roasting conditions (mass ratio of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, coal and tailings equal to 2.5: 4.5: 2.5: 100, roasting at 650 °C for 2.5 h). Although NaOH results in an adverse impact on magnetizing roasting of hematite, iron in silicate minerals could be released by NaOH-Ca(OH)2 additive as a form of hematite, which is further reduced to ferromagnetic magnetite. Moreover, the reduction ability of gas is improved in presence of coal and water from decomposition reaction of Ca(OH)2. Regarding the decomposition of bastanasite, no evident effect of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 is observed. The roasted products of pristine bastnasite particles are mainly composed of rare earth oxides (REO) with little fluorine, independent on the use of alkaline additives. No high purity REO were determined in the monazite particle by SEM-EDS, which is mainly decomposed into REO and REFeO3.

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“…Chen et al (2015) suggested that bio-coal reductants can be used to reduce the major phase in the limonitic laterite ore (Fe1.833(OH)0.5O2.5, and Fe2SiO4) into a metal phase, such as Fe, Fe0.64Ni0.36. Yunus et al (2014) suggested that bio-char derived from empty fruit bunches can enhance the magnetic properties of goethite-rich iron ore via a temperature-dependent sequential reduction process involving hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wustite (FeO). Wanta et al studied the nickel extraction from nickel laterite ore using citric acid leaching (Wanta et al, 2022), but the big-scale metallurgical process still prefers high-temperature slag treatment (Chen et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Study of Nickel Laterite Reduction using Coal and Coconut Shell Charcoal: A FactSage Simulation

Putera¹,

Warmada²,

Amijaya³

et al. 2023

IJTech

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Replacing metallurgical coke with greener material is a long-term challenge in pyrometallurgy. With the fact of biomass abundance in Indonesia, the usage of bio-char as a replacement for coke resulted from coal has been an intensive study. This study compared the performance between anthracite coal and coconut shell charcoal for nickel laterite reduction using the Equilibrium module on FactSage software simulation. The simulation was done by inputting a 4:4:1:20 weight ratio of nickel laterite ore, reductant (coal or coconut shell charcoal), lime and air, respectively. The temperature studied was 1300ᵒC to 1700ᵒC, and the pressure was atmospheric. The result shows that coconut shell charcoal has the potential to substitute anthracite coal as a reductant material in blast furnace processes. Anthracite coal consistently gives better results on the metal phase product with higher liquid metal yield and higher nickel and iron content. However, the coconut shell charcoal posseses the potential as a substitute material with temperatures above 1400°C regarding to the higher nickel concentration compared to anthracite coal. The resulting nickel and iron concentrations can reach above 2% and 96%, respectively, which is the required characteristics of a nickel pig iron product.

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Effect of reduction roasting by using bio-char derived from empty fruit bunch on the magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Investigation on Saprolitic Laterite Ore Reduction Process using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetics and Phase Transformation

Investigation on Saprolitic Laterite Ore Reduction Process using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetics and Phase Transformation

Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting

A Comparison Study of Nickel Laterite Reduction using Coal and Coconut Shell Charcoal: A FactSage Simulation

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