Effect of Relative Intensity Noise in Optical Transmission Systems Employing Wavelength Conversion Based on XPM and MZI

Hiew, C. C.; Abbou, F. M.; Chuah, H. T.

doi:10.1080/01468030590887687

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Buchold, 2007;Sanyo laser diodes, 2009). The noise level within a system is one of the key factors that ultimately restrict data rate capacity and hence cleaner optoelectronic components are sought (Hiew, 2005;Joindot, 1992;McOmber et al, 1992;Mochida et al, 2002). From simple estimations, increasing the bit rate from 10 to 40 Gb/s requires a 6-dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio in order to maintain the same link spacing (Cancellieri, 1993;Communications Week International, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future advances in system components need to be met by an equivalent ability to measure their performance. Laser diodes are used as transmitters in optical networks and key forms of their noise concern AM and FM optical noise, which are commonly expressed under the parameters of relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency excursion (Chirp) respectively (Hiew, 2005;Miller, 1991;Mochida et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel instrumentation for measurement of relative intensity noise

Vaezi-Nejad

Cox²,

Cooper³

2011

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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Laser diode relative intensity noise (RIN) metrology capabilities have been developed and demonstrated, providing significantly improved sensitivity and accuracy compared with existing methods. The novel use of the demonstrated reference noise source has shown significant advantages, achieving improved sensitivity, reducing measurement accuracy as low as ±1 dB and simplifying the system calibration methodology, thus improving flexibility. Laser RINs of between 10 and 14 dB below the shot RIN have been shown (typically −170 dBm/Hz), which is a direct result of the improved system sensitivity. A neodinium yag 1319-nm ring laser provided a ‘cold’ reference source, in a similar manner to that used in RF electrical metrology. Application of the ‘flat’ low noise optical RF noise source from 10 MHz to 20 GHz has been demonstrated for the first time in optical RF metrology, providing a calculable reference traceable via the incident optical power received. Because of the simplistic nature of this approach, system calibration can be performed for each RIN measurement that is carried out, reducing measurement uncertainty associated with RF mismatch, system linearity and loss. High specification components have been assessed individually and in the combined system indicating an overall system noise figure of 2–3 dB over the 10 MHz to 20 GHz frequency range (−171 to −172 dBm), some 4–5 dB better than previously reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel instrumentation for measurement of relative intensity noise

Vaezi-Nejad

Cox²,

Cooper³

2011

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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show abstract

“…Significant forms of system noise are generated by the laser source itself, concerning Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) optical noise, commonly expressed as Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) and Frequency Excursion or Frequency Chirp respectively [5] . RIN has been described in a recent publication by the authors [6] so the focus here is Frequency Chirp measurement techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Frequency Chirp Measurement Techniques

Vaezi-Nejad

Cox

Cooper³

2011

Measurement and Control

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Optical communication technologies have particular interest in noise metrology. Coherent transmission systems are substantially formed by distributed feedback laser diodes whose radiation spectral width is smaller than 0.1 nm. Their other desirable features are reduced susceptibility to temperature and driving current variations and they are robust, small in size and low cost. Significant noise of various types in coherent transmission systems is generated by the laser itself. The direct modulation of the laser injection broaden the line width which is commonly known as the frequency chirp. The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare different techniques for measuring this kind of noise. Double feedback lasers and origins of chirp noise are first explained. The novel chirp measurement techniques of Fabry Perot interferometer, heterodyne, homodyne and temporal chirp are then described and compared. It is explained that Fabry Perot's strongly reflect when not in resonance so a problem often encountered is the reflection back into the laser source. The use of optical isolation in Fabry Perot interferometers in thus essential. The Birefringence Insensitive Interferomter naturally compensates for any fibre birefringence and eliminates the need for a polarisation state controller. Homodyning techniques provide a resolution capability of 100kHz which has proved appropriate and also suitable for the majority of double feedback lasers when measuring line width. The self-homodyning in particular offers the best combination of performance verses cost and it has a useful feature of having a self tracking local oscillator which compensates proportionally any changes in the device under test. The temporal chirp measurement techniques are either direct or indirect and they are based on the pulse response of laser diodes. The direct techniques are easier but require a fast detector and rely on a reasonable estimate of the pulse shape.

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Effect of Relative Intensity Noise in Optical Transmission Systems Employing Wavelength Conversion Based on XPM and MZI

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Novel instrumentation for measurement of relative intensity noise

Novel instrumentation for measurement of relative intensity noise

Novel Frequency Chirp Measurement Techniques

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