Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial

Moyer, Ruth A.; MacDonald, John M.; Ridgeway, Greg; Branas, Charles C.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2018.304752

Cited by 75 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Outdoor gathering spaces provide the opportunity for interaction among neighborhood members, which increases familiarity and mutual investment in well-being. In keeping with the theory of collective efficacy, greened lots may promote social cohesion and, as a result, the interest in acting for the common good, thereby normalizing healthy behavior in these spaces [70].…”

Section: Places For Community Interactionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Shepley

Sachs

Sadatsafavi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

120

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Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.

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Section: Places For Community Interactionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Shepley

Sachs

Sadatsafavi

et al. 2019

IJERPH

120

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“…The vast majority (86.7%) of the patients with a spine injury were seen in large or very large hospitals ( Table 1). This pattern likely indicates firearm injury due to urban violence [17][18][19][20][21], supported by the fact that 83.7% of the patients with a spine injury were injured during an assault. Although the number of spinal firearm injuries initially decreased in the 1990s, there was an annual 10.3% increase from 1997 through 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spinal Injury Associated With Firearm Use

Loder¹,

Mishra²,

Atoa³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Injuries associated with firearms are a significant health burden. However, there is no comprehensive study of firearm spinal injuries over a large population. It was the purpose of this study to analyze the demographics of spinal firearm injuries across the entire United States for all ages using a national database. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data using the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research Firearm Injury Surveillance Study 1993-2015 (ICPSR 37276) was performed. The demographic variables of patients with spinal injuries due to firearms were analyzed with statistical analyses accounting for the weighted, stratified nature of the data, using SUDAAN 11.0.01™ software (RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 2013). A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results For the years 1993 through 2015, there were an estimated 2,667,896 emergency department (ED) visits for injuries due to firearms; 10,296 of these injuries (0.4%) involved the spine. The vast majority (98.2%) were due to powder firearm gunshot wounds. Those with a spine injury were more likely to have been injured in an assault (83.7% vs. 60.2%), involved a handgun (83.5% vs. 60.2%), were male (90.8% vs. 86.4%), were admitted to the hospital (86.8% vs. 30.9%), and were seen in urban hospitals (86.7 vs. 64.6%). The average age was 28 years with very few on those < 14 years of age. Illicit drug involvement was over four times as frequent in those with a spine injury (34.7% vs. 8.0%). The cervical spine was involved in 30%, thoracic in 32%, lumbar in 32%, and sacrum in 6%. A fracture occurred in 91.8% and neurologic injury in 33%. Injuries to the thoracic spine had the highest percentage of neurologic involvement (50.4%). There was an annual percentage decrease for patients with and without spine involvement in the 1990s, followed by increases through 2015. The average percentage increase for patients with a spine injury was 10.3% per year from 1997 onwards (p < 10-6), significantly greater than the 1.5% for those without spinal involvement (p = 0.0001) from 1999 onwards. Conclusions This nationwide study of spinal injuries associated with firearms covering all ages can be used as baseline data for future firearm studies. A reduction in the incidence of such injuries can be guided by our findings but may be difficult due to sociopolitical barriers (e.g. socioeconomic status of the injured patients, differences in political opinion regarding gun control in the US, and geospatial patterns of firearm injury).

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“…85 , 86 We recommend the expansion of blight remediation programs that focus on neglected communities and eliminate sites used to store and sell illegal firearms. 87 Broad implementation of programs targeting individuals and communities could curtail firearm involvement among adolescents and reduce shootings, 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 firearm injuries, 90 , 94 and firearm deaths 80 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 in the neighborhoods where they are most likely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Firearm Access, Use, and Victimization During Adolescence With Firearm Perpetration During Adulthood in a 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System

et al. 2021

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Key Points Question Are youths involved in the juvenile justice system who use, have access to, or have been injured by a firearm or threatened with a weapon during adolescence more likely to perpetrate firearm violence and own firearms in adulthood? Findings This cohort study of 1829 randomly selected youth newly detained in a temporary juvenile detention center found that 85% of males and 63% of females were involved with firearms as adolescents. Nearly all types of firearm involvement during adolescence were associated with increased odds of using and owning firearms during adulthood. Meaning These findings suggest that firearm use, access, injury, and being threatened with a weapon during adolescence may be risk factors for firearm perpetration and ownership in adulthood.

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Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

Spinal Injury Associated With Firearm Use

Association of Firearm Access, Use, and Victimization During Adolescence With Firearm Perpetration During Adulthood in a 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System

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