Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor in drug resistant depressed patients

Zanardini, Roberta; Gazzoli, Anna; Ventriglia, Mariacarla; Pérez, Jorge; Bignotti, Stefano; Rossini, Paolo Maria; Gennarelli, Massimo; Bocchio-Chiavetto, Luisella

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.029

Cited by 130 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The effect of rTMS on BDNF levels in depressed subjects has received considerably greater attention because of the strong links between BDNF and the pathophysiology of depression (Krishnan and Nestler, 2008;Taliaz et al, 2010). In depressed patients who responded to TMS treatment, both high-frequency (Yukimasa et al, 2006;Zanardini et al, 2006) and low-frequency (Zanardini et al, 2006) rTMS were reported to increase BDNF serum levels; however, a different study reported no change induced by high-frequency rTMS (Lang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Markers for Neuroplasticity: Differential Outcomes in Anesthetized and Awake Animals

Gersner

Kravetz

Feil³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

262

181

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Long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been associated with neuroplasticity, but most physiological studies have evaluated only the immediate effects of the stimulation on neurochemical markers. Furthermore, although it is known that baseline excitability state plays a major role in rTMS outcomes, the role of spontaneous neural activity in metaplasticity has not been investigated. The first aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the long-term effects of high-and low-frequency rTMS on the markers of neuroplasticity such as BDNF and GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptor. The second aim was to assess whether these effects depend on spontaneous neural activity, by comparing the neurochemical alterations induced by rTMS in anesthetized and awake rats. Ten daily sessions of high-or low-frequency rTMS were applied over the rat brain, and 3 d later, levels of BDNF, GluR1, and phosphorylated GluR1 were assessed in the hippocampus, prelimbic cortex, and striatum. We found that high-frequency stimulation induced a profound effect on neuroplasticity markers; increasing them in awake animals while decreasing them in anesthetized animals. In contrast, low-frequency stimulation did not induce significant long-term effects on these markers in either state. This study highlights the importance of spontaneous neural activity during rTMS and demonstrates that high-frequency rTMS can induce long-lasting effects on BDNF and GluR1 which may underlie the clinical benefits of this treatment in neuroplasticity-related disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Markers for Neuroplasticity: Differential Outcomes in Anesthetized and Awake Animals

Gersner

Kravetz

Feil³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

262

181

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show abstract

“…Using standard figure-of-8 coils, two groups have found increased BDNF serum levels after high-frequency treatment [7,8] of depressed patients, but the same also observed increased BDNF levels following low-frequency treatment [8], and a third group found no effect on BDNF serum levels in response to high-frequency treatment of depression [14]. Many groups have focused on a connection between depression and BDNF concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A potential effect of rTMS on BDNF concentration in these diseases has been explored in previous studies [7,8]. The BDNF concentration in serum [9,10] or plasma [11] is decreased in depressed patients and may be associated with characteristics of neuroticism in healthy people [10], and antidepressant therapy has been suggested as potentially affecting BDNF concentration, mostly in the form of increasing peripheral blood concentrations [6,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BDNF concentration in serum [9,10] or plasma [11] is decreased in depressed patients and may be associated with characteristics of neuroticism in healthy people [10], and antidepressant therapy has been suggested as potentially affecting BDNF concentration, mostly in the form of increasing peripheral blood concentrations [6,12,13]. However, the results of rTMS treatment on serum BDNF concentration have varied significantly across the studies performed so far [8,14]. Methodological differences, mostly in terms of stimulation frequency, coil placement and time points of BDNF concentration measurements have to be considered as contributing factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Concentration in Healthy Volunteers

Gaede

Hellweg²,

Zimmermann³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychobiology

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Objective: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive, safe and efficacious technique for treating various neuropsychiatric disorders, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A newly developed H-coil allows the stimulation of deeper brain regions. This study is the first to investigate the effects of deep high-frequency rTMS on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum concentrations in healthy volunteers. We aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of deep rTMS on BDNF serum concentrations. Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized deep high-frequency rTMS study using an H-coil on a cohort of 13 healthy volunteers (NCT01106365). The following stimulation protocols were applied: 18-Hz stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), 5-Hz stimulation of the primary motor cortex (MC) and sham stimulation in random order. Blood samples were obtained before, 30 min after and 60 min after each treatment. Results: The BDNF serum concentration decreased significantly after MC and PFC stimulation, but not after sham stimulation. Furthermore, BDNF serum level changes were associated with changes in individual alertness. Conclusion: Although BDNF serum concentrations do not necessarily correlate with BDNF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid or the brain, these results indicate an acute biological effect of deep rTMS on BDNF release, and demonstrate that this change correlates with alertness.

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“…In view of the action of heroin and cocaine on dopaminergic neurons and given the role of neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, these data may imply that low levels of neurotrophins could be a contributing factor in pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders in heroin and cocaine addicted patients. However it must be mentioned that reduced levels of neurotrophins, particularly BDNF, are also observed in other pathologies, such as depressive disorders (Karege et al, 2002a;Gervasoni et al, 2005;Zanardini et al, 2006), bipolar disorders (Cunha et al, 2006) and Alzheimer's disease (Laske et al, 2006;Yasutake et al, 2006). Thus the specificity of the effect of heroin and cocaine needs to be demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic heroin and cocaine abuse is associated with decreased serum concentrations of the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Angelucci

Ricci²,

Pomponi³

et al. 2007

J Psychopharmacol

110

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Chronic cocaine and heroin users display a variety of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions including impaired attention, learning, memory, reaction time, cognitive flexibility, impulse control and selective processing. These findings suggest that these drugs may alter normal brain functions and possibly cause neurotoxicity. Neurotrophins are a class of proteins that serve as survival factors for CNS neurons. In particular, nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in the survival and function of cholinergic neurons while brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in synaptic plasticity and in the maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. In the present study, we measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the NGF and BDNF levels in serum of three groups of subjects: heroin-dependent patients, cocaine-dependent patients and healthy volunteers. Our goal was to identify possible change in serum neurotrophins in heroin and cocaine users. BDNF was decreased in heroin users whereas NGF was decreased in both heroin and cocaine users. These findings indicate that NGF and BDNF may play a role in the neurotoxicity and addiction induced by these drugs. In view of the neurotrophin hypothesis of schizophrenia the data also suggest that reduced level of neurotrophins may increase the risk of developing psychosis in drug users.

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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor in drug resistant depressed patients

Cited by 130 publications

References 25 publications

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Markers for Neuroplasticity: Differential Outcomes in Anesthetized and Awake Animals

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Markers for Neuroplasticity: Differential Outcomes in Anesthetized and Awake Animals

Effects of Deep Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Serum Concentration in Healthy Volunteers

Chronic heroin and cocaine abuse is associated with decreased serum concentrations of the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

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