Effect of Replacing Maize with Cocoa Pod Husk in the Nutrition of Oreochromis niloticus

Ashade, OO; Osineye, OM

doi:10.3923/jfas.2013.73.79

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Previous works revealed their potential use as an unconventional low-cost feed ingredient for livestock nutrition, reducing feed costs by replacing some of the expensive conventional feed ingredients used in ration formulation (Ozung et al, 2017;Adeyeye et al, 2018). Ashade and Osineye (2013) also reported an increase in weight gain and profit margin when CPH was used to substitute 100% maize in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus. However, the replacement value for CPH in monogastric nutrition is limited by its poor nutrient composition which causes slow growth rate of livestock due to poor feed intake and digestibility (Adeyeye et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional enhancement of cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer

Olugosi¹,

Agbede²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study evaluated the effect of fermentation period on the proximate composition, anti-nutritional content, fibre fractions and amino acid profile of cocoa pod husk meal (CPHM). Cocoa pod husk was taken through a solid state fermentation process involving Rhizopus stolonifer as its starter culture for a period of two weeks. The fermented CPHM was dried and analyzed for its proximate composition, anti-nutritional factors, fibre fractions and amino acid profile. The results of the study revealed that the crude protein content of CPHM significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved during fermentation by 48.59%, while crude fibre and crude lipid decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by 14 and 22%, respectively after 2 weeks of fermentation. The theobromine, tannin and phytate of the fermented samples decreased by 77.3, 94 and 27% after 14 days fermentation, respectively. Also, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (HEMM) and cellulose (CELL) decreased progressively as the days of fermentation increased and total esssential amino acid (TEAA) of the fermented CPH meal increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as days of fermentation increased showing that Rhizopus stolonifer may both enhance CPHM protein quantity and improve its quality. It could be concluded that fermentation with R. stolonifer for 14 days could improve the nutritive value of CPH and thus increase its inclusion in the formulation of diets for animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional enhancement of cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer

Olugosi¹,

Agbede²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…CH-fed rabbits (20% of their food intake) from Ghana exhibited increased weight compared to corn-fed control animals [ 9 ]. In addition, replacing maize with CH (variety not specified) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia) reduces its culture costs without significantly affecting the fish’s survival rates and weight [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Balance and Compositional Analysis of Biomass Outputs from Cacao Fruits

et al. 2022

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The global chocolate value chain is based exclusively on cacao beans (CBs). With few exceptions, most CBs traded worldwide are produced under a linear economy model, where only 8 to 10% of the biomass ends up in chocolate-related products. This contribution reports the mass balance and composition dynamics of cacao fruit biomass outputs throughout one full year of the crop cycle. This information is relevant because future biorefinery developments and the efficient use of cacao fruits will depend on reliable, robust, and time-dependent compositional and mass balance data. Cacao husk (CH), beans (CBs), and placenta (CP) constitute, as dry weight, 8.92 ± 0.90 wt %, 8.87 ± 0.52 wt %, and 0.57 ± 0.05 wt % of the cacao fruit, respectively, while moisture makes up most of the biomass weight (71.6 ± 2.29 wt %). CH and CP are solid lignocellulosic outputs. Interestingly, the highest cellulose and lignin contents in CH coincide with cacao’s primary harvest season (October to January). CB contains carbohydrates, fats, protein, ash, and phenolic compounds. The total polyphenol content in CBs is time-dependent, reaching maxima values during the harvest seasons. In addition, the fruit contains 4.13 ± 0.80 wt % of CME, a sugar- and nutrient-rich liquid output, with an average of 20 wt % of simple sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), in addition to minerals (mainly K and Ca) and proteins. The total carbohydrate content in CME changes dramatically throughout the year, with a minimum of 10 wt % from August to January and a maximum of 29 wt % in March.

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“…When a concentration of 1% was used, lipase tests showed no SSD with the control, while SSS values of digestibility were found with the other enzymes [16]. The digestibility values of the diets with T. cacao, using the digestibility coefficient, were SSI to the control at all inclusion percentages [33]. The digestibility of food sources from animals, algae, and by-products corresponds to 62.5% of the total that evaluate it (10 articles).…”

Section: Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one article, the Digestive Enzyme Activity (DEA) method was used [16]. In another article, the Digestibility Coefficient method was used by mathematical calculation using the Acid Insoluble Ash method (AIA) [33].…”

Section: Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Conventional Ingredients for Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Feed: A Systematic Review

Zuluaga-Hernández,

Hincapié,

Osorio

2023

Fishes

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The objective of this systematic review was to identify and classify, from the available literature, non-conventional feed ingredients from terrestrial plants, animals, algae, and fungi which have been evaluated for their potential use for tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) production. For this purpose, 795 papers published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Data on the growth rate (GR) and effects on weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR); digestibility; fatty acid profile (FAP) of the fish carcass; and the survival rate (SR) were compiled in databases and summary tables. The results were refined according to different criteria, obtaining 144 documents that were pertinent for an in-depth analysis. From those, we found that 50.7% evaluated terrestrial plants, 22.2% animals, 13.9% algae, 9% fungi, and the remaining, combinations of some of the above categories. From the summarized results we concluded that most of the non-conventional sources analyzed have a positive potential impact as alternatives for producing tilapia. Survival was the most evaluated parameter, while digestibility was the least evaluated parameter.

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Effect of Replacing Maize with Cocoa Pod Husk in the Nutrition of Oreochromis niloticus

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Nutritional enhancement of cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer

Nutritional enhancement of cocoa pod husk meal through fermentation using Rhizopus stolonifer

Mass Balance and Compositional Analysis of Biomass Outputs from Cacao Fruits

Non-Conventional Ingredients for Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Feed: A Systematic Review

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