Effect of resistance training using bodyweight in the elderly: Comparison of resistance exercise movement between slow and normal speed movement

Watanabe, Yuya; Tanimoto, Mitsutoshi; Oba, Naoko; Sanada, Kiyoshi; Miyachi, Motohiko; Ishii, Naokata

doi:10.1111/ggi.12427

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although the present study's findings showed that SRT‐BW is effective for increasing muscle mass, Watanabe et al reported that resistance training using body weight with slow speed movement and tonic force generation (3‐second eccentric, 3‐second concentric, and 1‐second isometric actions with no rest between each repetition) improved physical function and strength but not muscle mass. Holm et al reported that even with low‐load resistance training (15.5% of one repetition maximum), a long total contraction time is related to the activation of motor units, which increases muscle size and strength.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Additionally, it was difficult for the elderly people to master the proper exercise technique of 7 kinds of exercises, and the research design was not a randomized controlled trial. In contrast, Watanabe et al 9 reported that SRT-BW and plyometric exercise significantly increased muscle strength but not muscle mass. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether 3 kinds of SRT-BW are effective for increasing muscle mass, muscle strength, and fat distribution in healthy elderly people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Slow movement resistance training using body weight improves muscle mass in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Tsuzuku

Kajioka

Sakakibara

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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To examine the effect of a 12-week slow movement resistance training using body weight as a load (SRT-BW) on muscle mass, strength, and fat distribution in healthy elderly people. Fifty-three men and 35 women aged 70 years old or older without experience in resistance training participated, and they were randomly assigned to a SRT-BW group or control group. The control group did not receive any intervention, but participants in this group underwent a repeat measurement 12 weeks later. The SRT-BW program consisted of 3 different exercises (squat, tabletop push-up, and sit-up), which were designed to stimulate anterior major muscles. Initially, these exercises were performed by 2 sets of 10 repetitions, and subsequently, the number of repetitions was increased progressively by 2 repetitions every 4 weeks. Participants were instructed to perform each eccentric and concentric phase of movement slowly (spending 4 seconds on each movement), covering the full range of motion. We evaluated muscle mass, strength, and fat distribution at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Changes over 12 weeks were significantly greater in the SRT-BW group than in the control group, with a decrease in waist circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal preperitoneal and subcutaneous fat thickness, and an increase in thigh muscle thickness, knee extension strength, and hip flexion strength. In conclusion, relatively short-term SRT-BW was effective in improving muscle mass, strength, and fat distribution in healthy elderly people.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Slow movement resistance training using body weight improves muscle mass in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Tsuzuku

Kajioka

Sakakibara

et al. 2018

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…reduction of all‐cause mortality) to gym‐based training . In this study, resistance exercise with body weight or rubber band followed a slow movement protocol . Some research groups have previously reported the effects of a resistance training programme using such as low movement protocol in a small sample of older participants .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive geriatric intervention in community‐dwelling older adults: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial

Watanabe

Yamada

Yoshida

et al. 2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background In longevity societies, one of the most serious social issues is sarcopenia and/or frailty. Preventing them is important for maintaining independence and quality of life in the older population. This study investigated the effect of a self‐monitoring comprehensive geriatric intervention programme (CGIP) on physical function and muscle size in community‐dwelling older adults. We compared the effects of a CGIP using weekly class‐styled (CS) sessions and a home‐based (HB) programme. Methods The 526 participants were randomized into one of two groups (CS 251, HB 275) based on their residential districts. We conducted a 12 week CGIP, which consisted of low‐load resistance exercise, physical activity increments, oral function improvements, and a nutritional guide. All participants were encouraged to attend two 90 min lectures that included instructions on the CGIP. They were provided with exercise materials (triaxial‐accelerometers/pedometers, ankle weights, and elastic bands) and diary logs. The CS group attended 90 min weekly sessions and independently executed the programme on other days, whereas the HB group only received instructions on how to execute the programme. Physical functions, such as knee extension strength (KES), normal and maximum walking speed, the timed up‐and‐go test, and anterior thigh muscle thickness (MT), were measured and analysed using intention‐to‐treat analysis before and after the 12 week intervention. Results Of the 526 participants identified, 517 (CS 243 age 74.0 ± 5.4 women 57.2%, HB 274 age 74.0 ± 5.6 women 58.8%) were enrolled. Nine (CS 8, HB 1) were excluded from the analysis because they did not participate in the pre‐intervention measurements. Both interventions significantly improved KES (CS 18.5%, HB 10.6%), normal walking speed (CS 3.7%, HB 2.8%), and MT (CS 3.2%, HB 3.5%). Greater improvement of KES was observed in the CS group (P = 0.003). Maximum walking speed (CS 4.7%, HB 1.8%; P = 0.001) and timed up‐and‐go (CS −4.7%, HB −0.2%; P < 0.001) significantly improved in the CS group only. Conclusions The intervention was effective in preventing sarcopenia and/or frailty. Most physical functions and MT improved after both interventions. The HB intervention is cost‐effective and may help prevent sarcopenia and/or frailty in the large older population.

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“…Even for the elderly, it is clear that muscle strength can be reinforced by administering an appropriate program [21] [22], and it is expected that the effects of preventing the need for long-term care can be improved by specific interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Age Score and the Risk of Long-Term Care Insurance Certification—The Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

Yoshida¹,

Kimura²,

Yamada³

et al. 2017

OJEpi

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Long-Term Care Insurance System has been introduced to provide appropriate care for the elderly who needs nursing care in Japan. Physical function is one of most important function for the elderly to live independently. A previous study had established a Fitness Age Score (FAS) based on a theory for biomarker of aging. This study clarified whether the FAS could be used to predict the need for certification of long-term care (CLTC) in independent elderly people. We included 939 independent, community-dwelling-elderly (average age, 74.4 years) whose physical function was measured and for whom the CLTC was tracked for 24 months. The FAS comprised five physical fitness items: Walking time, grip strength, one-leg standing, vertical jump, and functional reach test. Based on the FAS, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the CLTC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) was used for further analysis. We also used the Youden Index (YI), minimum distance method (MD), and two-graph ROC method (TG) to calculate cutoff values (CVs) for screening. We divided subjects into the low and high physical fitness group with CVs. We developed cumulative CLTC curves using the Kaplan-Meier method. Sixteen people could not be tracked for the full 24 months. The measurement of FAS was completed for 798 people, of whom 28 became CLTC. The measurement of FAS was not completed for 125 people, of whom 21 became CLTC. The CLTC OR for people 191with incomplete FAS was 5.553. The AUC was 0.72 (p < 0.001). The CVs for the FAS were −0.29 for YI (sensitivity, 92.9% and specificity, 40.4%), −1.23 for MD (57.1% and 73.4%), and −0.81 for TG (60.7% and 60.9%). The cumulative CLTC curves according to CVs all showed significant differences (p = 0.000 -0.020). In conclusion, the FAS can be used to predict CLTC.

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Effect of resistance training using bodyweight in the elderly: Comparison of resistance exercise movement between slow and normal speed movement

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Slow movement resistance training using body weight improves muscle mass in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Slow movement resistance training using body weight improves muscle mass in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial

Comprehensive geriatric intervention in community‐dwelling older adults: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial

Fitness Age Score and the Risk of Long-Term Care Insurance Certification—The Kyoto-Kameoka Longitudinal Study

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