Effect of resistance training with different frequencies and detraining on muscular strength and oxidative stress biomarkers in older women

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance training (RT) performed with different frequencies followed by a detraining period on muscular strength and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in older women. Twenty-seven physically independent women (68.8±4.8 years, 69.1±14.3 kg, 156.0±6.5 cm, and 28.3±4.9 to kg.m −2 ) were randomly assigned to perform a RT program for 2 or 3 days per week (G2X=13 vs. G3X=14) for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of detraining period. One repetition maximum (1RM) tests were used as measures of muscular strength (three exercises, three attempts for each exercise, 3-5 min of rest between attempts, and 5 min of rest between exercises). Advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) were used as oxidative stress indicators. Both groups increased muscular strength after 12 weeks of training (P<0.05) in chest press (G2X=+11.9 % vs. G3X=+27.5 %, P<0.05), knee extension (G2X=+18.4 % vs. G3X=+16.7 %, P > 0.05), and preacher curl (G2X = +37.6 % vs. G3X=+36.7 %, P>0.05). On the other hand, 12 weeks of detraining were not sufficient to eliminate the major effects produced by RT on muscular strength, although a significant decrease (P<0.05) has been observed for chest press (G3X = −9.1 % vs. G2X = −10.2 %, P>0.05), knee extension (G2X=−14.9 % vs. G3X= −12.1 %, P>0.05), and preacher curl (G2X=−20.5 % vs. G3X=−17.4 %, P>0.05). Pre-to post-training, both groups showed significant (P<0.05) increases in TRAP (G2X=+6.9 % vs. G3X=+15.1 %) with no statistical significant difference between the groups (P>0.05), and the scores remained elevated compared to pre-training after 12 weeks of detraining. AOPP was not changed by RT or detraining (P>0.05). The results suggest that a 12-week RT program with a frequency of 2 days per week may be sufficient to improve muscular strength and OS in older women and detraining for 12 weeks does not completely reverse the changes induced by RT.

Supplementation with an Antioxidant Rich Oil Does Not Influence Blood Lactate, Rate of Perceived Exertion and Muscle Soreness after Resistance Exercise

“…Probably, a higher volume resistance exercise session would be needed to evoke a more pronounced acute physiological response that would make evident a protective effect (if some) of the supplementation. Secondly, participants were resistance trained, and it is known that inflammation and exercise induced muscle damage are of a less magnitude in this situation compared to unaccustomed exercise [9,10]. Of note, participants did their habitual resistance training sessions during the supplementation period.…”

Handgrip strength and depression among 34,129 adults aged 50 years and older in six low- and middle-income countries

“…Moreover, chronic oxidative stress, which is associated with a higher risk for depression (Diniz et al, 2018;Maurya et al, 2016) and other chronic conditions (Barnes, 2015;Quiñonez-Flores et al, 2016) may play a role. It is known that resistance training lowers oxidative stress (Franzke et al, 2018;Padilha et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2017), although evidence that this also clarifies the antidepressant effects of exercise is to the best of our knowledge currently lacking (Schuch et al, 2016a). Nonetheless, the relationship between muscular strength with overall neurological health and brain function has recently been confirmed by population-scale studies demonstrating that greater handgrip strength is positively associated with greater white-matter integrity, hippocampal volume, and neurocognitive functioning in the general population, and in people with major depression (Stubbs et al, in press;Firth et al, 2018).…”

Correlations between resistance training‐induced changes on phase angle and biochemical markers in older women

“…Resistance training (RT) may promote improvements in these aforementioned conditions, with positive impacts on body composition, 20,21 inflammation, 20,21 and oxidative stress biomarkers. 22 For example, Prestes et al 23 analyzed the effect of 16 weeks of RT on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women, and results showed significant improvements in IL-6. Onabelé-Person et al 24 found a reduction in TNF-α after 12 weeks of RT program in older adults.…”