“…Many fingerprint identification and verification methods have been proposed, such as image correlation (Wilson, Watson, & Paek, 2000), graph matching (Isenor & Zaky, 1986), structural matching (Hrechak & McHugh, 1990;Wahab, Chin, & Tan, 1998), and matching with transform features (Jain, Prabhakar, Hong, & Pankanti, 2000), and so on. Among them the most widely used one is methods based on point pattern matching (Ratha, Karu, Chen, & Jain, 1996).…”