Effect of restricted geometries on the structure and thermodynamic properties of ice

Handa, Y. P.; Zakrzewski, Marek; Fairbridge, Craig

doi:10.1021/j100200a070

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The performance of the SAXS system, including data analysis, was tested by measuring SAXS from a porous Vycor glass (Dow Coming, type 7930) in a 0.5 mm cell. The average pore diameter of this specimen had been previously determined by a variety of techniques (Handa et al 1992). The pore size distribution determined by our SAXS measurement system showed a monodispersed distribution that peaked at exactly the same diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

1996

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Ludox HS Sit 2 sols at high concentrations show a peak in small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) reminiscent to a "structure." The appearance of such a peak was found to depend crucially on the thickness of the sample cell used for SAXS measurements. The thinner the cell used, the more prominent the peak. When the thickness was larger than 2 rnm, it was no longer observable. When sols were treated with activated charcoal powders (in order to remove a surfactant) the peak became less prominent.For the cases where clear features for structure were absent (thick sample regime), the Smoluchowski scheme was utilized to study the nature of sols. Namely, the distribution of the Smoluchowski species were estimated by numerically calculating the size distribution of particles directly from SAXS data. The distribution was found basically bimodal, and the main distribution peak, particularly for dilute sols (less than 5 wt%), was consistent with primary particles of Sit2. The second distribution peak was strongly dependent on the concentration of Sit2 particles. The observed trend was that the higher the concentration of Sit 2 particles, the more prominent the second distribution peak and the locus of the maximum tended to move toward a smaller value in diameter. This behavior of the second distribution peak of the Smoluchowski species is no doubt a manifestation of the interparticle correlation. The observation of such behavior may provide a convenient means to characterize sols with interparticle correlation. This method was also applied for characterizing gels formed when the pH values were altered.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

1996

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Many widely used methods exist for measuring the liquid water fraction, including isothermal calorimetry [12], differential scanning calorimetry [13], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [14] and time domain reflectometry [15]. Tice et al [14] presented the NMR technique for frozen soil without salt and demonstrated its accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phase Change Process and Properties of Saline Soil During Cooling

et al. 2017

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Detrimental frost heave and salt expansion may occur in saline soils of cold regions. The severity of these processes depends on the amount of salt precipitation and ice crystal growth in the pore solution at different temperatures. By employing nuclear magnetic resonance, the liquid water fractions in different concentrations of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate saline soils were measured at different temperatures. Based on the theory of solution phase diagram and phase change in porous media, the differences and similarities of phase change between pore solution and free solution were analyzed. The phase change sequence and effects of salt on frozen soils are also discussed. The theoretical and experimental results confirm that the phase diagram can reflect the phase change of pore solutions roughly, and pore size distribution is the cause of differences between the pore solution and free solution. Sodium chloride can mitigate the frost heave of soil, and frost heave and salt expansion occur together when the sodium sulfate soil is frozen.

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“…Henry et al 1999 andClarke et al 1999 Henry et al, 1999;Clarke et al, 1999 , the discrepancies may be due to the assumption that a single pore size can adequately represent samples that in reality involve rather Ž . broad distributions of pore sizes Handa et al, 1992 . Because hydrates formed in porous media have one additional degree of freedom, the equilibrium curve in P-T space of bulk hydrates is replaced by an equilibrium surface in P-T-r space, the quadruple point is replaced by a quadruple line, and simple regressions of experimental P-T data cannot be used to find the resulting multiple quadruple points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane hydrate equilibria in silica gels with broad pore‐size distributions

2002

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Effect of restricted geometries on the structure and thermodynamic properties of ice

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

The Phase Change Process and Properties of Saline Soil During Cooling

Methane hydrate equilibria in silica gels with broad pore‐size distributions

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Effect of restricted geometries on the structure and thermodynamic properties of ice

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Study of a Commercial SiO2 Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

Study of a Commercial SiO2 Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

The Phase Change Process and Properties of Saline Soil During Cooling

Methane hydrate equilibria in silica gels with broad pore‐size distributions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme

Study of a Commercial SiO₂ Sol and Gel By Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Effect of Sample Thickness and Interpretation by Means of Smoluchowski Scheme