Effect of retrobulbar nerve block on heart rate variability during enucleation in horses under general anesthesia

Oel, Carolin; Gerhards, H; Gehlen, Heidrun

doi:10.1111/vop.12061

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Frequency‐derived measures of HRV in the present study were not significantly different when the groups were stratified by lesion type. These results were similar to those previously reported for the perioperative period in a small group of horses that underwent general anesthesia and retrobulbar analgesia for enucleation . However, the LF/HF 5 min, LF/HF 30 min , LF power 5 min , LF power 30 min , and HF power 5 min were significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors, suggesting sympathovagal imbalance, increased sympathetic tone, and reduced vagal modulation of heart rate in nonsurvivors, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy

McConachie

Giguère

Rapoport

et al. 2015

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy

McConachie

Giguère

Rapoport

et al. 2015

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…[11][12][13] Finally, these techniques reduce the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex, which can result in severe bradyarrhythmias and, rarely, asystole. [3][4][5][6][14][15][16][17] In humans, RBA has been considered the criterionreferenced standard for provision of regional anesthesia during many ophthalmic procedures. It is achieved by injecting 2 to 5 mL of an anesthetic agent intraconally (inside the muscle cone created by the extraocular muscles).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of peribulbar and retrobulbar regional anesthesia with bupivacaine in cats

Shilo‐Benjamini

Pascoe

Maggs

et al. 2014

ajvr

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Objective-To compare effectiveness and complications associated with peribulbar and retrobulbar anesthesia with bupivacaine in cats. Animals-6 healthy adult cats. Procedures-Cats were sedated with dexmedetomidine and received a peribulbar injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (1.5 mL), iopamidol (0.5 mL), and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL) or retrobulbar injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (0.75 mL) and iopamidol (0.25 mL) in a crossover study with ≥ 2 weeks between treatments. The contralateral eye was the control. Injectate distribution was evaluated with CT. After atipamezole administration, periocular and corneal sensations, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular reflexes and appearance were evaluated for 24 hours. Results-All peribulbar and 3 of 6 retrobulbar injections resulted in CT evidence of intraconal injectate. Corneal sensation and periocular skin sensation were absent or significantly reduced relative to that for control eyes for 3 hours after peribulbar injection. Mean ± SD IOP immediately after injection was significantly higher for eyes with peribulbar injections (33 ± 12 mm Hg) than for control eyes or eyes with retrobulbar injections (both 14 ± 4 mm Hg) but 10 minutes later decreased to 18 ± 3 mm Hg. Exophthalmos, chemosis, and ptosis were evident in most injected eyes, and irritation was evident in 3 of 6 peribulbar-injected and 1 of 6 retrobulbar-injected eyes. All conditions resolved within 14 hours. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Peribulbar injection resulted in intraconal deposition of bupivicaine in a higher percentage of cats than did retrobulbar injection and induced notable anesthesia relative to that for the control eye; however, IOP increased temporarily.

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“…There were no significant changes observed in PR, RR and SpO2 in rabbits, remaining within the physiological ranges for this species (HEDENQVIST, 2008). The retrobulbar block can prevent heart rate alterations, mainly when related to a decrease associated with initiation of the oculocardiac reflex (OEL et al, 2014). Errando et al (1999) reported an increase of SAP, DAP and MAP due to sympathetic stimulation, after parenteral ketamine administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected ophthalmic and physiologic parameters in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submitted to retrobulbar block with lidocaine, morphine or ketamine

Schaffer¹,

Silveira²,

Nunes³

et al. 2017

Biosci. J.

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ABSTRACT:The aim of the present study was to evaluate selected ophthalmic and physiologic parameters in rabbits submitted to retrobulbar blockade with lidocaine, morphine or ketamine. Eighteen adult rabbits, seven males and eleven females, New Zealand White breed, weighing 3.9 ± 0.7 kg were randomly assigned to perform the retrobulbar block according to the groups: LID (2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor -7 mg kg -1 ); MOR (1% morphine -1 mg kg -1 ) or KET (10% Ketamine -5 mg kg -1 ). Ophthalmic and physiologic parameters were assessed, including lacrimal production using Schirmer tear test (STT), corneal touch threshold (CTT), pupillary diameter, intraocular pressure (IOP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO 2 ), rectal temperature (RT) and systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures (SAP, MAP and DAP) and were evaluated every 10 minutes for 70 minutes. All drugs used in the present study promoted central positioning of the eyeball for up to one minute later the retrobulbar administration in all cases. There was a significant increase of STT values in MOR and LID, when compared to baseline, while the CTT values had a significant decrease in all groups. KET kept the IOP values unaltered at the time points and there was a significant decrease of pupillary diameter in MOR. There was no significant change in PR, RR and SpO 2 ; however, LID presented significantly lower values of SAP. MOR had increased values for RT when compared to the other two groups. The established parameters may help in ophthalmic procedures using retrobulbar nerve blocks.

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Effect of retrobulbar nerve block on heart rate variability during enucleation in horses under general anesthesia

Abstract: Heart rate variability is a sensitive, non-invasive parameter to obtain sympathovagal stimulations during general anesthesia. The retrobulbar block can prevent heart rate decrease associated with initiation of the oculocardiac reflex.

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy

Heart rate variability in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease requiring exploratory laparotomy

Comparison of peribulbar and retrobulbar regional anesthesia with bupivacaine in cats

Selected ophthalmic and physiologic parameters in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) submitted to retrobulbar block with lidocaine, morphine or ketamine

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